A Carbon Footprint Evaluation Method for Offshore Floating Wind Installations

Abstract

Carbon footprint is becoming increasingly important on the business agenda. For a floating wind project dedicated to providing clean energy, an engineering study was performed to present a case and gain additional knowledge on how to develop a green execution model related to the wind turbine substructure and mooring system. Emission calculations, sensitivity analysis, sourcing strategy development, material usage and transportation assessment were used to quantify the environmental benefits and carbon reduction of the various combinations and scenarios. The carbon footprint calculations and project execution method presented in this paper can be a reference for sustainable practices in future floating or conventional wind energy projects. The study showed that floating concrete substructure carbon footprint may be considered lower than a floating steel substructure. The mooring system, which is the same for both types of substructures, accounted for a significant portion of the carbon emissions. Logistics accounts for a large share of emissions: How and where goods are procured and transported are as important as the material selected. Locally fabricated items made from greener certified materials are preferred. Use of environmentally friendly concrete in substructure fabrication and suction anchors in glass reinforced plastic (GRP) are two typical examples of more sustainable approaches. Floating wind in combination with a green project execution model is a relatively new concept. Performance of the study showed that internal communication and promotion of carbon footprint awareness are essential for the project team's success. Emissions may deviate from what is initially anticipated. Moreover, it is vital to apply a green execution model to the establishment of cross-company communication and a focused task force. To ensure engagement from team members and reduce bureaucracy, positive reporting of carbon reduction considerations during project execution is recommended. This emphasizes the psychology of a team buy-in based on positive experiences and rewards for considering climate considerations.