A carbon monoxide and thermometry sensor based on mid-IR quantum-cascade laser wavelength-modulation absorption spectroscopy

Vanderover, Jeremy; Wang, W.; Oehlschlaeger, Matthew A.

doi:10.1007/s00340-011-4570-8

Cited by 33 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Quantitative measurements of carbon monoxide in the ν 1 CO fundamental rotationalvibrational band were reported previously by many research groups [5][6][7][8][9]28]. In Ref.…”

Section: Selection Of Co and N 2 O Spectrum Absorption Linementioning

confidence: 82%

“…Atmospheric detection of CO and N 2 O concentration levels using laser absorption spectroscopy based optical gas sensor platforms have been reported by numerous research groups in recent years [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. Direct laser absorption technique employing a multi-pass cell (MPC), where effective optical path length is extended to tens or even to hundreds of meters, typically allows to reach a detection limit of the analyte species at ppm or ppb levels [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Direct laser absorption technique employing a multi-pass cell (MPC), where effective optical path length is extended to tens or even to hundreds of meters, typically allows to reach a detection limit of the analyte species at ppm or ppb levels [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. However for ultra-high sensitive measurements these types of sensors are usually bulky due to the large size of a MPC and the increased number of optical components that are needed for laser beam alignment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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QEPAS based ppb-level detection of CO and N_2O using a high power CW DFB-QCL

Ma¹,

Lewicki²,

Razeghi³

et al. 2013

Opt. Express

352

209

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An ultra-sensitive and selective quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (QEPAS) sensor platform was demonstrated for detection of carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrous oxide (N 2 O). This sensor used a stateof-the art 4.61 µm high power, continuous wave (CW), distributed feedback quantum cascade laser (DFB-QCL) operating at 10°C as the excitation source. For the R(6) CO absorption line, located at 2169.2 cm −1 , a minimum detection limit (MDL) of 1.5 parts per billion by volume (ppbv) at atmospheric pressure was achieved with a 1 sec acquisition time and the addition of 2.6% water vapor concentration in the analyzed gas mixture. For the N 2 O detection, a MDL of 23 ppbv was obtained at an optimum gas pressure of 100 Torr and with the same water vapor content of 2.6%. In both cases the presence of water vapor increases the detected CO and N 2 O QEPAS signal levels as a result of enhancing the vibrational-translational relaxation rate of both target gases. Allan deviation analyses were performed to investigate the long term performance of the CO and N 2 O QEPAS sensor systems. For the optimum data acquisition time of 500 sec a MDL of 340 pptv and 4 ppbv was obtained for CO and N 2 O detection, respectively. To demonstrate reliable and robust operation of the QEPAS sensor a continuous monitoring of atmospheric CO and N 2 O concentration levels for a period of 5 hours were performed. 6728-6738 (2003). 27. X. Chao, J. B. Jeffries, and R. K. Hanson, "Wavelength-modulation-spectroscopy for real-time, in situ NO detection in combustion gases with a 5.2 µm quantum-cascade laser," Appl. Phys. B 106(4), 987-997 (2012). 28. L. Dong, R. Lewicki, K. Liu, P. R. Buerki, M. J. Weida, and F. K. Tittel, "Ultra-sensitive carbon monoxide detection by using EC-QCL based quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy," Appl. Phys. B 107(2), 275-283 (2012). 29. L. ©2013 Optical Society of America

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“…Quantitative measurements of carbon monoxide in the ν 1 CO fundamental rotationalvibrational band were reported previously by many research groups [5][6][7][8][9]28]. In Ref.…”

Section: Selection Of Co and N 2 O Spectrum Absorption Linementioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

QEPAS based ppb-level detection of CO and N_2O using a high power CW DFB-QCL

Ma¹,

Lewicki²,

Razeghi³

et al. 2013

Opt. Express

352

209

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“…Recently, temperature and concentration measurements of CO in shock tubes [14][15][16] and of combustion intermediates such as formaldehyde [17] have been performed as well.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum cascade laser-based MIR spectrometer for the determination of CO and $$\hbox {CO}_2$$ CO 2 concentrations and temperature in flames

et al. 2015

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and nondestructive, are an ideal choice for many flame applications. While many important radicals such as OH and CH have strong absorption bands in the UV/Vis and can easily be detected using techniques such as LIF or CRDS, electronic transitions of stable molecules like CO and CO 2 lie in the deep UV. Detection schemes like twophoton LIF [1] are possible, but quantification is prone to errors. For these molecules, rovibrational transitions in the infrared provide an alternative detection method. Due to the availability of cheap tunable diode lasers in the nearinfrared (NIR), this spectral region has already been widely used for combustion diagnostics in the past [2][3][4][5].The strong fundamental bands in the mid-infrared (MIR) have the potential for a more sensitive detection compared to the weaker overtone bands in the NIR. The development of quantitative detection schemes in the MIR was, however, hindered by the lack of laser sources with adequate qualities. Most lasers available required cryogenic cooling and output powers were low [2, 6]. Wondraczek et al. used difference frequency generation (DFG) as an alternative method to generate MIR radiation. They detected CO is around 5 µm even though the output power of their laser system was only 30 nW [7]. In this work, tomography has been applied to visualize CO in a flat flame.In recent years, quantum cascade lasers (QCL) have proven to be reliable light sources in the MIR. Even though the operating principle for this type of laser has already been proposed in 1971 by Kazarinov and Suris [8], the first working quantum cascade laser has been presented more than twenty years later [9]. QCLs provide high output powers (several milliwatts) and narrow-band output with operation at room temperature which simplifies the experimental setup. This enables QCLs to compete with conventional techniques like Fourier transform spectrometer for highresolution molecular spectroscopy in the infrared [10].Abstract An experimental setup for the simultaneous detection of CO and CO 2 and the temperature in lowpressure flames using a pulsed quantum cascade laser at 4.48 μm is presented. This comparatively new type of laser offers good output energies and beam quality in the mid-infrared, where the strong fundamental transitions of many molecules of interest can be accessed. A single-pass absorption setup was sufficient to obtain good accuracy for the stable species investigated here. Due to the high repetition rate of the laser and the speed of the data acquisition, measurement of two-dimensional absorption spectra and subsequent tomographic reconstruction was feasible. As demonstration of this technique, two-dimensional CO and CO 2 concentrations have been measured in two fuel-rich methane flames with different coflow gases (nitrogen and air). The influence of the coflow gas on the flame center concentration profiles was investigated and compared with one-dimensional model simulations.

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“…Infrared CO sensing device [6][7][8][9][10][11] has the advantages of wide measuring range, fast response, high sensitivity, and good selectivity. Therefore, infrared absorption spectroscopy becomes the most popular detection technique.…”

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confidence: 99%

Mid-infrared carbon monoxide detection system using differential absorption spectroscopy technique

Dong

Sui

et al. 2015

Optoelectron. Lett.

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A differential carbon monoxide (CO) concentration sensing device using a self-fabricated spherical mirror (e.g. light-collector) and a multi-pass gas-chamber is presented in this paper. Single-source dual-channel detection method is adopted to suppress the interferences from light source, optical path and environmental changes. Detection principle of the device is described, and both the optical part and the electrical part are developed. Experiments are carried out to evaluate the sensing performance on CO concentration. The results indicate that at 1.013×10 5 Pa and 298 K, the limit of detection (LoD) is about 11.5 mg/m 3 with an absorption length of 40 cm. As the gas concentration gets larger than 115 mg/m 3 (1.013×10 5 Pa, 298 K), the relative detection error falls into the range of −1.7%-+1.9%. Based on 12 h long-term measurement on the 115 mg/m 3 and 1 150 mg/m 3 CO samples, the maximum detection errors are about 0.9% and 5.5%, respectively. Due to the low cost and competitive characteristics, the proposed device shows potential applications in CO detection in the circumstances of coal-mine production and environmental protection.

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A carbon monoxide and thermometry sensor based on mid-IR quantum-cascade laser wavelength-modulation absorption spectroscopy

Cited by 33 publications

References 30 publications

QEPAS based ppb-level detection of CO and N_2O using a high power CW DFB-QCL

QEPAS based ppb-level detection of CO and N_2O using a high power CW DFB-QCL

Quantum cascade laser-based MIR spectrometer for the determination of CO and $$\hbox {CO}_2$$ CO 2 concentrations and temperature in flames

Mid-infrared carbon monoxide detection system using differential absorption spectroscopy technique

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