A carbon-rich nanofiber framework based on a conjugated arylacetylene polymer for photocathodic enzymatic bioanalysis

Abstract

Poly(1,3,5-triethynylbenzene) (PTEB), a newly developed conjugated arylacetylene polymer, was utilized for photoelectrochemical (PEC) enzymatic bioanalysis in this work. The porous nanofiber framework of PTEB film which produced an apparent cathodic photocurrent under visible light illumination was fabricated on an indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode via copper-surface mediated interface Glaser polycondensation. As the photocurrent density of the metal-free photocathode displayed a characteristic O 2 dependency, the consumption of dissolved oxygen caused by the modified glucose oxidase (GOx) in biocatalysis induced a depressed photoresponse in the presence of glucose. The fabricated PEC transducer exhibited favorable glucose sensing performances in the linear range of 5 mM to 8 mM and with the detection limit of 1.7 mM; it could also be employed in glucose monitoring in human serum. Moreover, the acetylenic carbon-rich polymer possessed the superior features of being cost-effective in preparation and machinable in device development, which sheds light on the exploration of an advanced PEC sensing platform based on conjugated organic polymers for the bioanalysis of valuable analytes. Scheme 1 (a) Chemical structures of TEB and PTEB. (b) Synthesis of PTEB nanofiber film on ITO substrate via interface polymerization and fabrication process of PEC glucose sensor based on glucose oxidase. This journal isFig. 1 Morphology and microstructure characterization of PTEB nanofiber film. (a) Top view and (b) magnified SEM images of PTEB nanofiber film. (c) Cross-section view of SEM image of PTEB film coated on ITO electrode. (d) TEM image of PTEB framework exfoliated from the ITO substrate.42536 | RSC Adv., 2019,9,[42533][42534][42535][42536][42537][42538][42539][42540][42541][42542] This journal is

Polymer Based Functional Materials: A New Generation Photo‐active Candidate for Electrochemical Application

“…On the basis of the pre‐investigated polymer platform, scientists have moved forward to use those suitably modified polymers in real assay use. In recent times, a conjugated polymer polyacrylacetylene has been exploited to use as a photocathode in glucose assay [141]. Tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP)‐doped poly[(9,9‐dioctyl‐fluorenyl‐2,7‐diyl)‐co‐(1,4‐benzo‐{2,1’,3}‐thiadazole)] (PFBT) polymer dots (Pdots) embedded on ITO electrode successfully utilized as a pH sensor device [141].…”

“…In recent times, a conjugated polymer polyacrylacetylene has been exploited to use as a photocathode in glucose assay [141]. Tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP)‐doped poly[(9,9‐dioctyl‐fluorenyl‐2,7‐diyl)‐co‐(1,4‐benzo‐{2,1’,3}‐thiadazole)] (PFBT) polymer dots (Pdots) embedded on ITO electrode successfully utilized as a pH sensor device [141]. With the lowering of pH, the polymer dots conformation changes which has been reflected by a steady increase in cathodic photocurrent.…”

Semiconductor photoelectroanalysis and photobioelectroanalysis: A perspective

“…The consumption of oxygen in the photo process correlates with the presence of sarcosine. A novel synthetic porous carbon material (poly-(1,3,5-triethynylbenzene) was utilized combined with glucose oxidase to give an interesting new device architecture able to link glucose content to the photocurrent for oxygen reduction [ 58 ]. More complex architectures based on innovative nanomaterials have been suggested [59].…”

Construction of a Dye-Sensitized and Gold Plasmon-Enhanced Cathodic Photoelectrochemical Biosensor for Methyltransferase Activity Assay

“…p-Type semiconductors can function as photocathodes, and they interact with electron acceptors instead of electron donors, efficiently resisting the reductive agents and photocorrosion . Recently, the p-type semiconductors have attracted more and more attention in the development of cathodic PEC sensors. − Polymer compounds such as triazine–thiadiazole-based copolymers, arylacetylene-based copolymers, and polythiophene exhibit p-type semiconductor properties, with promising applications in energy conversion and active photocathodes . Covalent organic polymers (COPs) are porous polymer compounds with the characteristics of large specific surface area, good stability, adjustable function, and controllable structure and have been widely applied in drug delivery, , catalysis, gas storage/separation, − sensing, and energy storage .…”