A case-control study of the effect of environmental sanitation on diarrhoea morbidity in Malawi.

Young, Bissett; Briscoe, John

doi:10.1136/jech.42.1.83

Cited by 31 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…In line with previous studies, our findings depicted direct implication of environmental sanitation on diarrhoeal morbidity, which implies that children living in families that have access to good quality water supplies and latrine, experience less diarrhoeal episodes (Young & Briscoe, 1987;Scheidler & Giannella, 2001;Khalil et al, 2008). Unhealthy environment has been the main factor for causation of diarrhoeal diseases in several resources-limited countries (WHO, 1997(WHO, , 2000Gascón et al, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Unhealthy environment has been the main factor for causation of diarrhoeal diseases in several resources-limited countries (WHO, 1997(WHO, , 2000Gascón et al, 2000). For this reason, diarrhoea and dysentery have higher incidences among lower classes citizens that are ascribable to the poor state of physical environment in which they dwell (Young & Briscoe, 1987;Mandomando et al, 2007). Additionally, poor methods of food handling, storage, source and use of unsafe water, as well as poor personal hygiene all contribute to the potential risk factors of developing diarrhoea.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Knowledge and perception of mothers and caregivers on childhood diarrhoea and its management in Temeke Municipality, Tanzania

Mwambete¹,

Joseph

2010

Tanzania J Hlth Res

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Diarrhoea is an increase in volume of stool or frequency of defecation. It is one of the most common clinical signs of gastrointestinal diseases, but also can reflect primary disorders outside of the digestive system. This cross-sectional descriptive survey was conducted in Temeke Municipality, Dar es Salaam over a 4-month period to investigate on knowledge and perception of mothers/caregivers of underfives on childhood diarrhoea. Specifically, the study focused on frequency of diarrhoeal episodes and their risk factors as well as effectiveness of traditional remedies used for its management prior to seeking medical attention. A semi-structured questionnaire was used for data collection, through which a total of 161 mothers were interviewed. Of those, 74 (46%) had female and 87 (54%) had male underfives with median age of 2-years. Frequency of diarrhoeal episodes was high among the underfives and was comparable between females and males (87 vs 74; P<0.05). Medicinal plants were the most common traditional remedies employed by majority (71%) of the interviewees, which have been purported to be effective in management of childhood diarrhoea. Guava (leaves and fruits) was the most commonly used remedy in the treatment of diarrhoea. Mothers' knowledge on predisposing factors of childhood diarrhoea was poor, which was directly correlated with education level. Only about one-third of the respondents (31%) were aware of risk factors for childhood diarrhoea that cited poor sanitation and water as the main factors. Diarrhoeal episodes were perceived wrongly as normal growth stage and that were caused by several other ''illnesses''. It is important that further studies on traditional remedies should be carried out to validate their usefulness in the treatment of childhood diarrhoea.___________________________________________________________________________________

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge and perception of mothers and caregivers on childhood diarrhoea and its management in Temeke Municipality, Tanzania

Mwambete¹,

Joseph

2010

Tanzania J Hlth Res

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“…In many ways this analysis confirms the results obtained from several other studies in that the quality of water was found to depend greatly on the type of water source from which it is drawn, the weather prior to the time of sampling, and whether it was taken directly from the source or from a storage vessel in the home (Freij et al 1978;Schneider et al 1978;Shiffman et al 1978; Young & Briscoe, 1987;Muhammed & Morrison, 1975;Torun, 1982;Barrell & Rowland, 1979). It does not pretend to take into account all the variables that have been considered in other work (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Determinants of drinking water quality in rural Nicaragua

Sandiford

Gorter²,

Smith

et al. 1989

Epidemiol. Infect.

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SUMMARYOne hundred and fifty-three water samples from rural Nicaragua were examined for the presence of faecal coliforms during both wet and dry periods. A linear model was fitted by analysis of covariance with the logarithm of the faecal coliform count as the dependant variable. As expected, traditional water sources were grossly contaminated at all times whereas piped water sources were much cleaner. Hand-dug protected wells had significantly higher levels of faecal contamination than unprotected riverside wells and springs during the dry season. The possible reasons for this unexpected finding are discussed. A close association between rainfall and faecal contamination was demonstrated but the effect of rainfall depended on the type of water source. An association between water quality and the size of the community served by the source was also detected. The finding that stored water was usually more contaminated than fresh water samples is consistent with the results from other studies. Since it is unusual for water quality to be inversely correlated wth accessibility, this study site would be suitable for investigating the relative importance of water-borne versus waterwashed transmission mechanisms in childhood diarrhoea.

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“…This study covering a two month period was unique in its kind and was one of the very few studies which focused on epidemiological, microbiological and clinical aspects of childhood diarrhoea of bacterial etiology. The number of males suffering with diarrhoea were more in number than female with a ratio of 1:1.202 which is similar to the finding of the studies done over childhood diarrhoea [10][11][12].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%