A Case for Raising the Camera: A Driving Simulator Test of Camera-Monitor Systems

Bernhard, Christoph; Reinhard, René; Kleer, Michael; Hecht, Heiko

doi:10.1177/00187208211010941

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…In addition, verbal report can be used to measure distance perception under different conditions in a short time. Due to the advantages above, the method has been widely used in the domain of ground representation, spatial training, traffic safety, and others ( Cavallo et al, 2001 ; Wu et al, 2007b ; Bernhard et al, 2021 ). However, the method has also been challenged on two points over the years.…”

Section: Perceptual Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods for measuring egocentric distance perception in visual modality

Dong

Chen²,

Gu³

et al. 2023

Front. Psychol.

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Egocentric distance perception has been widely concerned by researchers in the field of spatial perception due to its significance in daily life. The frame of perception involves the perceived distance from an observer to an object. Over the years, researchers have been searching for an optimal way to measure the perceived distance and their contribution constitutes a critical aspect of the field. This paper summarizes the methodological findings and divides the measurement methods for egocentric distance perception into three categories according to the behavior types. The first is Perceptional Method, including successive equal-appearing intervals of distance judgment measurement, verbal report, and perceptual distance matching task. The second is Directed Action Method, including blind walking, blind-walking gesturing, blindfolded throwing, and blind rope pulling. The last one is Indirect Action Method, including triangulation-by-pointing and triangulation-by-walking. In the meantime, we summarize each method’s procedure, core logic, scope of application, advantages, and disadvantages. In the end, we discuss the future concerns of egocentric distance perception.

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Section: Perceptual Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods for measuring egocentric distance perception in visual modality

Dong

Chen²,

Gu³

et al. 2023

Front. Psychol.

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“…To maximize fuel savings, the camera should protrude as little as possible from the car. Thus far, we know that low camera positions are problematic [10], but we know precious little about the perfect camera and monitor positions.…”

Section: The Evolution-video-based Displaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthetic Displays and Their Potential for Driver Assistance Systems

Wögerbauer,

Bernhard,

Hecht

2024

Information

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Advanced visual display technologies typically supplement the out-of-window view with separate displays (e.g., analog speedometer or artificial horizon) or with overlays (e.g., projected speedometer or map). Studies on head-up displays suggest that altering the out-of-window view itself is superior to supplemental displays, as sensor-based information not normally visible to the driver can be included. Such novel synthetic displays have been researched for cockpit implementation but less so for driving. We discuss such view-altering synthetic displays in general, and camera–monitor systems (CMS) designed to replace rear-view mirrors as a special instance of a novel synthetic display in the automotive domain. In a standard CMS, a camera feed is presented on a monitor, but could also be integrated into the windshield of the car. More importantly, the camera feed can undergo alterations, augmentations, or condensations before being displayed. The implications of these technologies are discussed, along with findings from an experiment examining the impact of information reduction on a time-to-contact (TTC) estimation task. In this experiment, observers judged the TTC of approaching cars based on the synthetic display of a futuristic CMS. Promisingly, TTC estimations were unaffected by information reduction. The study also emphasizes the significance of the visual reference frame.

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“…Unlike traditional rear-view mirrors, CMS have the potential to revolutionize the rearward viewing conditions of drivers. They provide novel degrees of freedom to optimize the driver's viewing axis and the driver's field of view (e.g., [1,2]). This has the potential to improve the rearward view of drivers and consequently reduce lane-change crashes, which account for up to 10% of all crashes reported on U.S. roadways [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Camera–Monitor Systems as An Opportunity to Compensate for Perceptual Errors in Time-to-Contact Estimations

Wögerbauer,

Hecht,

Wessels

2023

Vision

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For the safety of road traffic, it is crucial to accurately estimate the time it will take for a moving object to reach a specific location (time-to-contact estimation, TTC). Observers make more or less accurate TTC estimates of objects of average size that are moving at constant speeds. However, they make perceptual errors when judging objects which accelerate or which are unusually large or small. In the former case, for instance, when asked to extrapolate the motion of an accelerating object, observers tend to assume that the object continues to move with the speed it had before it went out of sight. In the latter case, the TTC of large objects is underestimated, whereas the TTC of small objects is overestimated, as if physical size is confounded with retinal size (the size–arrival effect). In normal viewing, these perceptual errors cannot be helped, but camera–monitor systems offer the unique opportunity to exploit the size–arrival effect to cancel out errors induced by the failure to respond to acceleration. To explore whether such error cancellation can work in principle, we conducted two experiments using a prediction-motion paradigm in which the size of the approaching vehicle was manipulated. The results demonstrate that altering the vehicle’s size had the expected influence on the TTC estimation. This finding has practical implications for the implementation of camera–monitor systems.

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A Case for Raising the Camera: A Driving Simulator Test of Camera-Monitor Systems

Cited by 9 publications

References 68 publications

Methods for measuring egocentric distance perception in visual modality

Methods for measuring egocentric distance perception in visual modality

Synthetic Displays and Their Potential for Driver Assistance Systems

Camera–Monitor Systems as An Opportunity to Compensate for Perceptual Errors in Time-to-Contact Estimations

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