A Case of Type V Hyperlipoproteinemia Resistant to Insulin Treatment

Abstract

Type V hyperlipoproteinemia or multifactorial chylomicronemia syndrome is a rare lipid disorder triggered mainly by uncontrolled diabetes, obesity, poor diet, or particular medications. It is associated with an increased risk of acute pancreatitis and accelerated coronary artery disease which may manifest in younger age groups. We present a case of a 42-year-old male who presented to the emergency department (ED) complaining of a non-healing hand injury. Upon laboratory workup, the patient was found to have an elevated total cholesterol (TC) of 1129 mg/dL, very low levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and triglycerides (TG) > 4000 mg/dL with an inability to calculate low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Lipoprotein electrophoresis revealed an actual TG level of > 7000 mg/dL, increased chylomicrons, normal B and pre-Blipoproteins, and increased L-lipoproteins with an elevated Apolipoprotein B. Despite these derangements, the patient did not exhibit any abdominal complaints, demonstrating a normal lipase level. The physical exam was indicative of bilateral arcus senilis and obesity. Insulin drip was initiated along with intravenous (IV) hydration and it required 12 days to bring triglycerides down to less than 1000 mg/dL. The total cholesterol was also seen to be down trending to around 500 mg/dL and the HDL improved to 22 mg/dL. We present this case as a unique presentation of asymptomatic chylomicronemia resistant to insulin treatment with an elevated ApoB but with no evidence of pancreatitis or coronary artery disease.