A case report of non-systemic highly aggressive melanoma in a cow

Immunohistochemical assessment of S100, Vimentin, PCNA, p53 and MMP-9 expressions in bovine melanomas

“…In this study, we observed that the tumoral mass was solitary, firm, hairless, ovalround shaped and quite large following the literature data (Babić et al, 2009;Bhadaniya et al, 2015;Vijayakumar et al, 2020). We found that the cross-sectional faces of melanomas are dark black in patches of brown as reported by Madheswaran et al, 2019. Besides, we detected the presence of hemorrhagic and ulcerated areas in places similar to the literature (Sharma et al, 2010;Chandrashekaraiah et al, 2014;Vadalia et al, 2016).…”

“…A common consensus of the terminology in denomination of melanocytic tumors in both human and veterinary medicine has not been determined (Smith et al, 2002). Melanoma is the term used for all malignant melanocytic tumors, while melanocytoma refers to benign tumors (Madheswaran et al, 2019). Melanocytic neoplasms are common in dogs, gray horses and cats, they are rarely observed in large animals such as cattle (Bhadaniya et al, 2015;Vijayakumar et al, 2020).…”

“…Melanocytic neoplasms are common in dogs, gray horses and cats, they are rarely observed in large animals such as cattle (Bhadaniya et al, 2015;Vijayakumar et al, 2020). Melanocytomas, like in melanomas, is very rare in cattle (Madheswaran et al, 2019). Melanomas originate from neuroectodermal melanoblasts or melanocytes, which would have migrated initially through epidermal-dermal junctions of skin, follicles, and then to dermis during embryonic development and constitute approximately 2% of all bovine tumors (Vadalia et al, 2016;Beytut, 2018).…”

“…Melanomas are mostly solitary and rarely seen in multiple foci and frequently metastasize to regional lymph nodes and organs such as lungs, spleen and liver (Mesarić et al, 2002). Tumor diagnosis is made by histological and cytological evaluations and the presence of melanin pigment is an important parameter for diagnosis (Beytut et al, 2018;Madheswaran et al, 2019). S100 protein is an effective marker for diagnosing melanocytic tumors of humans and animals, although its functions in melanogenesis are not fully known (Ramos-Vara et al, 2011;Ramos-Vara et al, 2014;Sabattini et al, 2018).…”

Extracutaneous Melanotic Melanoma with Nervous System Involvement in a Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)

“…In Brazil, melanoma has been reported in goats [13,14], pigs [15], and rabbits [16], and is relatively common in grey-haired horses [17], and cattle [18,19]. It has also been reported in cattle in India [20,21], the United States [22], and Turkey [23].…”