A Case Report on Ambiguous Genitalia: A Diagnostic, Therapeutic, and Cosmetic Challenge

Abstract

Ambiguous genitalia is a matter of concern and needs thorough evaluation and treatment. Gonadectomy becomes a potentially lifesaving procedure in patients with partial androgen insensitivity due to the increased risk of malignancy if left undiagnosed.We present a case report of two patients in their late 20s and 30s, raised as girls, who came with complaints of primary amenorrhea with ambiguous genitalia. Both patients had features of masculinization. Her MRI revealed an absent uterus, cervix, upper 2/3 of the vagina, and ovaries, with the presence of bilateral testicles. She was diagnosed with partial androgen insensitivity syndrome. The first patient underwent bilateral gonadectomy with hernia repair and nerve-sparing reduction clitoroplasty with labioplasty. She is under close follow-up with a further plan for augmentation mammoplasty. The second patient, however, refused clitoroplasty and underwent bilateral gonadectomy.Androgen insensitivity syndrome is an X-linked inheritance with a mutation in the AR gene. It consists of a spectrum of conditions ranging from complete insensitivity to less insensitivity towards testosterone, which results in a complete, partial, and mild form of androgen insensitivity syndrome. Studies have been done on cosmetic outcomes after genitoplasty in children with genital atypicalities, which showed significant improvement (p<0.001) and no difference in ratings by parents and surgeons.Surgeries done on patients with partial androgen insensitivity syndrome are not only lifesaving procedures, but with reasonable reassurance, these aesthetic surgeries help people live a life that otherwise would have been genetically compromised.

Complete androgen insensitivity syndrome diagnosed after inguinal surgery in era of modern technology: a case report

“…All gonadectomized people are required to take hormone replacement therapy. The development of secondary sexual traits and sufficient bone mass in females are the intended outcomes 13 , 15 . At 9–11 years of age, estrogen can be administered in low doses (one-fourth the adult dose), with this dosage being titrated every 6 months.…”

“…A regular dose (1–2 mg/day of 17β-estradiol continuously) can be introduced once breast growth is complete 2 , 16 . For affected patients who are phenotypic females, corrective plastic surgery with vaginal dilator therapy or vaginoplasty can be done 15 . After vaginal dilator or coital dilator therapy alone, 94–96% of patients can have satisfaction with their sexual life 17 .…”