“…It has been considered the “deepest global recession in decades” by the World Bank (2020). No sector has been spared from the impact, as supply chains in agriculture (Alabi & Ngwenyama et al., 2023), medical (Ali and Kannan, 2022; Banik et al., 2022; Xu et al., 2023b), food (Ali & Govindan, 2021; Shafiee et al., 2022), infrastructure (Govindan et al., 2021), tourism (Bai & Run, 2022; López‐Vizcarra et al., 2023), fashion (Dohale et al., 2022), and manufacturing (Spieske & Birkel, 2021) have all been severely affected, demonstrating the inadequate risk management strategies employed by global companies. Managing such epidemic risk in global supply chains poses operationalization difficulties, as discussed in the existing literature (van Hoek, 2020; Xu et al., 2023a,c).…”