A Cell for the Ages: Human γδ T Cells across the Lifespan

Clark, Brandi L.; Thomas, Paul G.

doi:10.3390/ijms21238903

Cited by 31 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 155 publications

(257 reference statements)

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“…T cells expressing a γδ T cell receptor (TCR) undergo dramatic changes in the first years of life. In contrast to early developmental studies, their evolution in the later aging process has been less well explored (9,10). Here, we focus on T cells expressing the αβ TCR.…”

Section: Naïve T Cell Generation -The Challenge To Maintain a Dynamicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hallmarks of the aging T‐cell system

2021

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The adaptive immune system has the enormous challenge to protect the host through the generation and differentiation of pathogen-specific short-lived effector T cells while in parallel developing long-lived memory cells to control future encounters with the same pathogen. A complex regulatory network is needed to preserve a population of naïve cells over lifetime that exhibit sufficient diversity of antigen receptors to respond to new antigens, while also sustaining immune memory. In parallel, cells need to maintain their proliferative potential and the plasticity to differentiate into different functional lineages. Initial signs of waning immune competence emerge after 50 years of age, with increasing clinical relevance in the 7 th-10 th decade of life. Morbidity and mortality from infections increase, as drastically exemplified by the current COVID-19 pandemic. Many vaccines, such as for the influenza virus, are poorly effective to generate protective immunity in older individuals. Ageassociated changes occur at the level of the T cell population as well as the functionality of its cellular constituents. The system highly relies on the self-renewal of naïve and memory T cells, which is robust but eventually fails. Genetic and epigenetic modifications contribute to functional differences in responsiveness and differentiation potential. To some extent, these changes arise from defective maintenance; to some, they represent successful, but not universally beneficial adaptations to the aging host. Interventions that can compensate for the age-related defects and improve immune responses in older adults are increasingly within reach.

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Section: Naïve T Cell Generation -The Challenge To Maintain a Dynamicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hallmarks of the aging T‐cell system

2021

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“…Миграция этих клеток прежде всего необходима для выполнения их цитотоксических функций [28]. По причине усиления воздействия патогенов на иммунитет ребенка сразу после рождения и из-за задержки созревания αβ-Тлимфоцитов наблюдается преобладание защитной роли неонатальных γδ-Т-клеток [29,30]. По-видимому, вышеперечисленные свойства γδ-Т-клеток обусловливают то, что их количество остается неизменным в крови у детей исследованных нами групп.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Age-related changes in the content of αβ-, γδ-T-lymphocytes and some its minor subpopulations in healthy children

Bogomyagkova¹,

Solpov²,

Tereshkov³

et al. 2021

Immunologiya

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“…Lung-resident γδ T cells play vital roles in antiviral immune responses and are involved in virus-induced lung inflammation and injury ( Cheng and Hu, 2017 ). It is now known that elderly individuals have a lower number and slower kinetics changes of activated and proliferating γδ T cells than young men ( Clark and Thomas, 2020 ; Stervbo et al, 2017 ). Therefore, age serves as an essential factor to affect the efficiency of T cell response.…”

Section: Neutrophils As Drivers Of Severity In Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutrophils at the crossroads of acute viral infections and severity

Rawat

Vrati

Banerjee

2021

Molecular Aspects of Medicine

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Neutrophils are versatile immune effector cells essential for mounting a first-line defense against invading pathogens. However, uncontrolled activation can lead to severe life-threatening complications. Neutrophils exist as a heterogeneous population, and their interaction with pathogens and other immune cells may shape the outcome of the host immune response. Diverse classes of viruses, including the recently identified novel SARS-CoV-2, have shown to alter the various aspects of neutrophil biology, offering possibilities for selective intervention. Here, we review heterogeneity within the neutrophil population, highlighting the functional consequences of circulating phenotypes and their critical involvement in exaggerating protective and pathological immune responses against the viruses. We discuss the recent findings of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in COVID-19 pathology and cover other viruses, where neutrophil biology and NETs are crucial for developing disease severity. In the end, we have also pointed out the areas where neutrophil-mediated responses can be finely tuned to outline opportunities for therapeutic manipulation in controlling inflammation against viral infection.

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A Cell for the Ages: Human γδ T Cells across the Lifespan

Cited by 31 publications

References 155 publications

Hallmarks of the aging T‐cell system

Hallmarks of the aging T‐cell system

Age-related changes in the content of αβ-, γδ-T-lymphocytes and some its minor subpopulations in healthy children

Neutrophils at the crossroads of acute viral infections and severity

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