“…For example, Hudson and Heritage (1981) used the Born approximation of the solution of the volume integral equation obtained from the background structure of the wave field for the seismic scattering problem. Recently, Zaeytijd, Bogaert, and Franchois (2008) presented the MLFMA-FFT method for analyzing electro-magnetic waves, and Yang, Abubaker, van den Berg et al (2008) used a CG-FFT approach to solve elastic scattering problems. These methods were used to establish a fast algorithm to solve the volume integral equation via a Fast Fourier transform, which is used for efficient calculation of the convolution integral.…”