A Characteristic Cell in Nasal Secretions During Prodromal Measles

Tompkins, Victor N.; Macaulay, John C.

doi:10.1001/jama.1955.02950260017004a

Cited by 28 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The period of from 5 days before to 8 days after the appearance of the rash, during which shedding of giant cells has been shown to occur in uncomplicated measles (Tompkins and Macaulay, 1955;Scheifele and Forbes, 1972), coincides with that during which we have detected measles antigen in NPS by immunofluorescence. Our demonstration of measles antigen in giant cells (Fig.…”

Section: Specificity Of the Fa Techniquesupporting

confidence: 68%

“…In the past workers have claimed that exfoliated giant cells in nasopharyngeal secretions (NPS) are specific for measles infection (Tompkins and Macaulay, 1955; Beale and Campbell, 1959; Mottet and Szanton, 1961). This finding however has not been adequately confirmed by laboratory virus identification, nor is there sufficient evidence that similar giant cells are not found in other virus infections.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Application of immunofluorescence to a study of measles.

McQuillin¹,

Bell²,

Gardner³

et al. 1976

Archives of Disease in Childhood

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to a study of measles. A new and rapid method for the laboratory diagnosis of measles, using the fluorescent antibody technique applied to nasopharyngeal secretions is described. The reliability of the method was best shown by correlation with clinical diagnosis, which gave an overall agreement of 95°00 in 53 cases of typical clinical measles and 72 control children. Correlation with results of tissue culture and serology was also good, though these methods are in practice too infrequently successful to be used as the main standards of reliability. The antiserum used for immunoflorescence showed no cross-reactivity with other viruses. Viruses could be identified by the fluorescent antibody technique from 4 days before to 10 days after the onset of the rash in a high proportion of cases.The wider applications of this method include rapid diagnosis of measles before the rash has appeared; in cases where clinical diagnosis is in doubt, especially in darkskinned children, or when the illness has been modified by previous vaccination; prevention of cross-infection by early detection of measles; and investigation of the immune reponse and its relationship to nutritional status.

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Section: Specificity Of the Fa Techniquesupporting

confidence: 68%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of immunofluorescence to a study of measles.

McQuillin¹,

Bell²,

Gardner³

et al. 1976

Archives of Disease in Childhood

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“…Rapid resolution of the rash and clearance of MV after 4-5 days was later shown to be associated with a strong immune response, with cellmediated rather than humoral immunity being predominantly responsible for clearance of MV (de Vries et al, 2010b). Subsequent clinical studies demonstrated that MV is first detected in respiratory secretions during the preceding 2-4 day prodromal period (Fulton & Middleton, 1975;Tompkins & Macaulay, 1955), a feature of the disease which complicates both the management and control of outbreaks (Moss & Griffin, 2012). Thus, MV-infected individuals are capable of transmitting virus to susceptible contacts for a total of 7-9 days.…”

Section: Measles Virus (Mv) a Morbillivirus In The Familymentioning

confidence: 99%

Infection of lymphoid tissues in the macaque upper respiratory tract contributes to the emergence of transmissible measles virus

Ludlow

Vries

Lemon

et al. 2013

Journal of General Virology

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Measles virus (MV), a member of the family Paramyxoviridae, remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the developing world. MV is spread by aerosols but the mechanism(s) responsible for the high transmissibility of MV are largely unknown. We previously infected macaques with enhanced green fluorescent protein-expressing recombinant MV and euthanized them at a range of time points. In this study a comprehensive pathological analysis has been performed of tissues from the respiratory tract around the peak of virus replication. Isolation of virus from nose and throat swab samples showed that high levels of both cell-associated and cell-free virus were present in the upper respiratory tract. Analysis of tissue sections from lung and primary bronchus revealed localized infection of epithelial cells, concomitant infiltration of MV-infected immune cells into the epithelium and localized shedding of cells or cell debris into the lumen. While high numbers of MV-infected cells were present in the tongue, these were largely encapsulated by intact keratinocyte cell layers that likely limit virus transmission. In contrast, the integrity of tonsillar and adenoidal epithelia was disrupted with high numbers of MV-infected epithelial cells and infiltrating immune cells present throughout epithelial cell layers. Disruption was associated with large numbers of MV-infected cells or cell debris 'spilling' from epithelia into the respiratory tract. The coughing and sneezing response induced by disruption of the ciliated epithelium, leading to the expulsion of MV-infected cells, cell debris and cell-free virus, contributes to the highly infectious nature of MV.

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“…It has been established that the characteristic pathological feature of measles is the appearance of large multinucleated giant cells, particularly in areas of lymphoid tissue, as first described by Denton (1925). The work of Tompkins and Macaulay (1955) has demonstrated that similar syncytial giant cells are present in sputum and may be recovered by aspirating mucus from the back of the nose. It is striking that measles virus also produces syncytial giant cell masses when growing in tissue culture on epithelial type cells (Enders and Peebles, 1954).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aspiration of Nasal Mucus.-At first nasal mucus was collected by the method described by Tompkins and Macaulay (1955). This involved pushing a glass pipette along the floor of the nose and aspirating *Present address: Glaxo Laboratories Ltd., Sefton Park, Stoke Poges.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%