A classification of functional pitcher types in <i>Nepenthes</i> (Nepenthaceae)

Cheek, Martin; Jebb, Matthew; Murphy, Bruce D.

doi:10.1101/852137

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…At the same time, this location's soil is acidic and poor in nitrogen. This habitat follows the opinion of Cheek et al (2019), which states that Nepenthes can generally live and develop in large numbers on nutrient-poor soils, especially nitrogen deficiency.…”

Section: Nepenthes Abiotic Environmental Datamentioning

confidence: 66%

“…Therefore, the larger pitcher size can accommodate more insects (Buch et al 2015;Dančák et al 2022;Tarigan et al 2021;Wang and Zhou 2014). On the other hand, the upper pitcher size is generally smaller so that it is lighter so that if exposed to the wind, the pitcher will not fall easily (Cheek et al 2019;Handayani and Hadiah 2019). Based on the measurements of mouth length, mouth width, cap length, and cap width in N. gracilis and N. eustachya, it was found that there were variations in the size of the mouth and lid of the pitcher.…”

Section: Morphological Parameters Nepenthesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphology and pitcher's color Nepenthes in Batu Lubang Sibolga Area, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia

TARIGAN,

AZIS,

TANJUNG

et al. 2023

Biodiversitas

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Abstract. Tarigan MRM, Aziz S, Tanjung IF, Pary C, Adlini MN, Jayanti UNAD, Ardianto, Ulfa AY. 2023. Morphology and pitcher's color Nepenthes in Batu Lubang Sibolga Area, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 1953-1962. The study's objective was to identify the size, color, and shape of a pitcher of Nepenthes found in the Batu Lubang Sibolga region. Purposive sampling is used as part of an exploratory approach in this study. Plot-based Nepenthes observation was conducted in the Sitahuis District, Central Tapanuli Regency, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia, to examine pitcher morphology and color. The results showed two species of Nepenthes, namely N. gracilis Korth and N. eustachya Miq, with two types of pitchers each, namely the lower and upper pitcher. The morphology of the Nepenthes pitchers has an almost similar shape but differs in the size of the pitcher circumference, where the lower pitcher is smaller than the upper pitcher. The bottom pitcher of N. gracilis has redwood (45%), and the upper pitcher is light green (55%), according to the proportion of observations of the color of the lower and upper pitchers of these two species. While the upper pitcher of N. eustachya is green with red dots (70%), the lower pitcher is light reddish green (30%). According to the study's findings, Nepenthes in the Batu Lubang Sibolga area required conservation intervention to preserve this species.

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Section: Nepenthes Abiotic Environmental Datamentioning

confidence: 66%

Section: Morphological Parameters Nepenthesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology and pitcher's color Nepenthes in Batu Lubang Sibolga Area, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia

TARIGAN,

AZIS,

TANJUNG

et al. 2023

Biodiversitas

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“…Convergence of pitcher morphology is recorded in other cases in the genus ( Thorogood, Bauer & Hiscock, 2018 ). Recently, 12 functional pitcher types have been recognised, each postulated to target capture of nutrients from animals (sometimes plants) in a different manner ( Cheek, Jebb & Murphy, 2020 ). Nepenthes maxima and Nepenthes maximoides fall under pitcher type 2 (‘narrow-funnel’ Cheek, Jebb & Murphy, 2020 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nepenthes maximoides(Nepenthaceae) a new, critically endangered (possibly extinct) species in Sect.Alataefrom Luzon, Philippines showing striking pitcher convergence withN. maxima(Sect. Regiae) of Indonesia

King

Cheek

2020

PeerJ

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Nepenthes maximoides sp. nov. (Sect. Alatae) is described and assessed as Critically Endangered (Possibly Extinct) from Luzon, Philippines and appears unrecorded in 110 years. The spectacular, large, narrowly funnel-shaped upper pitchers, lids with recurved basal and filiform apical appendages, unlike any other species in the Philippines, closely resemble those of N. maxima (Sect. Regiae) of Sulawesi–New Guinea, likely due to convergent evolution. Following recent phylogenomic analysis, sect. Alatae is divided into two, Sect. Alatae sensu stricto of Luzon to Sibuyan (including N. maximoides), and Sect. Micramphorae, expanded and recircumscribed to encompass those species of the southern Visayas, and Mindanao. A key is provided to the six species now recognised in the newly narrowly recircumscribed Sect. Alatae. The number of Nepenthes species recorded from Luzon has increased from two in 2001, to eight in 2020, all but one of which are endemic to that island, and four of which appear to be point endemics.

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“…The shared pitcher morphology of this specimen with that of Nepenthes maxima appears due to convergence, not due to phylogenetic proximity. Convergence of pitcher morphology is recorded in other cases in the genus (Thorogood et al, 2018), where 12 functional pitcher types have been recognised, each postulated to target capture of nutrients from animals (sometimes plants) in a different manner (Cheek et al, 2020a). Nepenthes maxima, and also the species represented by Curran s.n., fall under pitcher type 3 ("visco-elastic traps" Cheek et al, 2020a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Nepenthes maximoides(Nepenthaceae) a new, Critically Endangered (Possibly Extinct) species in Sect.Alataefrom Luzon, Philippines showing striking pitcher convergence withN. maxima(Sect.Regiae) of Indonesia

King

Cheek

2020

Preprint

Self Cite

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ABSTRACTNepenthes maximoides sp. nov. (Sect. Alatae) is described and assessed as Critically Endangered (Possibly Extinct) from Luzon, Philippines and appears unrecorded in 110 years. The spectacular, large, narrowly funnel-shaped upper pitchers, lids with recurved basal, and filiform apical appendages, unlike any other species in the Philippines, closely resemble those of N. maxima (Sect. Regiae) of Sulawesi-New Guinea, likely due to convergent evolution. Following recent phylogenomic analysis, sect. Alatae is divided into two, Sect. Alatae sensu stricto of Luzon to Sibuyan (including N. maximoides), and Sect. Micramphorae, expanded and recircumscribed to encompass those species of the southern Visayas, and Mindanao. A key is provided to the six species now recognised in the narrowly recircumscribed Sect. Alatae. The number of Nepenthes species recorded from Luzon has increased from two in 2001, to eight in 2020, all but one of which are endemic to that island, and four of which appear to be point endemics.

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A classification of functional pitcher types in Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae)

Abstract: We classify Nepenthes species into 12 functional pitcher types, based on combinations of traits that appear to comprise different syndromes for capturing nutrients, usually from animals.

Cited by 7 publications

References 39 publications

Morphology and pitcher's color Nepenthes in Batu Lubang Sibolga Area, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia

Morphology and pitcher's color Nepenthes in Batu Lubang Sibolga Area, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia

Nepenthes maximoides(Nepenthaceae) a new, critically endangered (possibly extinct) species in Sect.Alataefrom Luzon, Philippines showing striking pitcher convergence withN. maxima(Sect. Regiae) of Indonesia

Nepenthes maximoides(Nepenthaceae) a new, Critically Endangered (Possibly Extinct) species in Sect.Alataefrom Luzon, Philippines showing striking pitcher convergence withN. maxima(Sect.Regiae) of Indonesia

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