A Close Relationship Between Ultra-Processed Foods and Adiposity in Adults in Southern Italy

Abstract

Background/Objectives: One of the main culprits of the obesity epidemic is the obesogenic food environment, which promotes the consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) that are highly palatable, have low nutritional quality and a high caloric impact and are economical and ready to use. This monocentric retrospective study explored the association between UPFs, obesity and adiposity measurements among adults living with obesity in Southern Italy. Methods: According to their Body Mass Index (BMI) values, 175 participants (63M) were recruited and stratified into three groups. To evaluate their usual eating habits, PREDIMED and the Nova Food Frequency Questionnaire (NFFQ) were administered to investigate Mediterranean diet (MD) adherence and UPF consumption. Anthropometric and biochemical measurements, body composition, as well as visceral obesity indices were collected. Results: The data showed an increase in UPF consumption as the BMI increased, with a concomitant decrease in MD adherence. Soft drinks were the most representative UPF in all groups, and we observed a significant increase in such consumption as the BMI increased. In addition, in the highest tertile of UPF consumption, there was an increase in adiposity indices. Conclusions: Our data suggest that high UPF consumption correlates with an increased BMI and visceral adiposity, and it is a predictive risk factor for the occurrence of non-communicable diseases.