A Closed-Loop Approach to Fight Coronavirus: Early Detection and Subsequent Treatment

Abstract

The recent COVID-19 pandemic has caused tremendous damage to the social economy and people’s health. Some major issues fighting COVID-19 include early and accurate diagnosis and the shortage of ventilator machines for critical patients. In this manuscript, we describe a novel solution to deal with COVID-19: portable biosensing and wearable photoacoustic imaging for early and accurate diagnosis of infection and magnetic neuromodulation or minimally invasive electrical stimulation to replace traditional ventilation. The solution is a closed-loop system in that the three modules are integrated together and form a loop to cover all-phase strategies for fighting COVID-19. The proposed technique can guarantee ubiquitous and onsite detection, and an electrical hypoglossal stimulator can be more effective in helping severe patients and reducing complications caused by ventilators.

Optical Biosensor Based on Porous Silicon and Tamm Plasmon Polariton for Detection of CagA Antigen of <em>Helicobacter Pylori</em>

“…It has high surface area for biomolecular immobilization, CMOS-compatible fabrication process for integration with electronics or optoelectronics, and facile biofunctionalization approaches based on Si/SiO2 interface. Porous silicon based optical devices, such as optical waveguide [15], resonant microcavity [17], photonic crystal [23], and Tamm Plasmon Polariton heterostructure [24][25][26] have all been demonstrated to be efficient biosensing platforms.…”

“…We have previously proposed a novel optical biosensor based on the nanophotonic phenomenon of an interface optical resonant state-Tamm Plasmon Polariton (TPP) [24][25][26]. Porous silicon was used to construct a Distributed Bragg Reflector.…”

“…In this work, based on our previous related research on Tamm Plasmon Polariton based biosensors with porous silicon material [24][25][26], we propose that the optical PSi TPP biosensor can be used for CagA antigen detection to diagnose H. Pylori infection. PSi TPP biosensor has been demonstrated to have a high sensitivity and a good specificity.…”

Machine Learning Techniques for Effective Pathogen Detection Based on Resonant Biosensors

“…Biosensor technologies have high sensitivity, good specificity, fast turnaround, ease of operation, low cost, and onsite deployment capability [ 12 , 13 ]. We have previously proposed a photonic biosensor with high sensitivity and specificity for the fast, on-site detection of SARS-CoV-2 [ 14 , 15 ]. The biosensor is based on a nanoporous silicon material fabricated via a CMOS-compatible silicon process and nanophotonic working principles of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) [ 16 ] and Tamm plasmon polariton (TPP) [ 17 , 18 ].…”

Tamm Plasmon Polariton Biosensors Based on Porous Silicon: Design, Validation and Analysis

“…Researchers have proposed optical biosensors based on optic fiber [6], optical waveguide [7], ring resonator [8], optical interferometer [9], photonic crystal [10], surface plasmon resonance (SPR) [11], and localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) [12]. Optical biosensors have been demonstrated for the detection of bacteria [13], virus [14], DNA [15], proteins [16], and small molecules [17].…”