A Closer Look at the Hippocampus and Memory

Voss, Joel L.; Bridge, Donna J.; Cohen, Neal J.; Walker, John

doi:10.1016/j.tics.2017.05.008

Cited by 215 publications

(205 citation statements)

References 91 publications

(101 reference statements)

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“…The present work, in concert with these previous findings, suggests that information represented through the functions of the HC/MTL may directly influence ongoing neural activity of the oculomotor system, which is then manifested as changes in visual exploration behavior. The results here add to the growing call for a reconsideration of the neural regions that support oculomotor guidance (Shen et al, 2016), and for the examination of the influence of visual exploration behavior on memory function and neural responses in the HC/MTL (Liu et al, 2017;Voss et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Modelling the influence of the hippocampal memory system on the oculomotor system

Ryan

Shen

Kacollja

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Visual exploration is influenced by what we remember. Amnesic cases, who have damage to the hippocampus (HC) and/or extended medial temporal lobe (MTL), show alterations in their gaze patterns relative to neurologically intact adults on tasks of memory. Recent work has revealed an extensive set of polysynaptic connections between the hippocampus and oculomotor system. However, little is known about how activation within the HC may impact the oculomotor system. In the present work, we conducted simulations of the functional interactions between the two systems by leveraging a computational modeling platform (The Virtual Brain; thevirtualbrain.org) with structural connectivity as defined through the CoCoMac database and tractography data from macaques. We examined how activity dissipated throughout the pre-identified polysynaptic pathways when subregions of the HC, and regions of the broader MTL, were stimulated. Stimulation of CA1, pre-and para-subiculum, and entorhinal, perirhinal, and parahippocampal cortices each resulted in observable responses in regions of the oculomotor system, including the frontal eye fields. Stimulation of the subiculum and CA3 did not culminate in responses in the frontal eye fields, and in such instances, activity was also not observed in parietal areas, posterior cingulate, and V4, suggesting that these regions may be important for transmitting information from the HC to regions within the oculomotor system. These findings provide novel evidence that activity originating within the HC and/or MTL may travel through specific nodes and pathways to influence the oculomotor system.. CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license It is made available under a (which was not peer-reviewed) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity.The copyright holder for this preprint . http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/303511 doi: bioRxiv preprint first posted online Apr. 18, 2018; Significance StatementNo major account of oculomotor (eye movement) guidance considers the influence of the hippocampus and broader medial temporal lobe system, yet it is clear that information is exchanged between the two systems. Prior experience influences current viewing, and cases of amnesia due to compromised hippocampal/medial temporal lobe function show specific alterations in viewing behaviour. Using computational modeling, we show that stimulation of subregions of the hippocampus and regions of the medial temporal lobe results in observable responses in brain regions that are involved in the control of eye movements. These findings suggest that information from memory may be readily provided to the oculomotor system, and calls for a reconsideration of the neural circuitry involved in oculomotor guidance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Modelling the influence of the hippocampal memory system on the oculomotor system

Ryan

Shen

Kacollja

et al. 2018

Preprint

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“…Moreover, there is a strong relationship between primate hippocampal function and exploration and navigation of a spatial context through eye movements 32,33 . Hippocampal activity is tightly related to the influences of memory on oculomotor exploration 33–36 , and damage to the hippocampus reduces spontaneous oculomotor exploration and eye-movement-based indices of spatial and contextual memory 37,38 . Damage to the hippocampus also disrupts the perception of subtle spatial relationships amongst elements of scenes 39,40 .…”

Section: Is There Clear Experimental Evidence That the Spatial Informmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viewpoints: how the hippocampus contributes to memory, navigation and cognition

et al. 2017

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The hippocampus serves a critical function in memory, navigation, and cognition. Nature Neuroscience asked John Lisman to lead a group of researchers in a dialog on shared and distinct viewpoints on the hippocampus. There has been a long history of studying the hippocampus, but recent work has made it possible to study the cellular and network basis of defined operations—operations that include cognitive processes that have been otherwise difficult to study (see Box 1 for useful terminology). These operations deal with the context-dependent representation of complex memories, the role of mental exploration based on imagined rather than real movements, and the use of recalled information for navigation and decision-making. The progress that has been made in understanding the hippocampus has motivated the study of other brain regions that provide hippocampal input or receive hippocampal output; the hippocampus is thus serving as a nucleating point for the larger goal of understanding the neural codes that allow inter-regional communication and more generally, understanding how memory-guided behavior is achieved by large scale integration of brain regions. In generating a discussion among experts in the study of the cognitive processes of the hippocampus, the editors and I have posed questions that probe important principles of hippocampal function. We hope that the resulting discussion will make clear to readers the progress that has been made, while also identifying issues where consensus has not yet been achieved and that should be pursued in future research. – John Lisman

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“…Neuroimaging studies that make interpretations regarding the pattern of neural activity may find additional explanatory power in the use of eye‐tracking metrics. For instance, as noted by Voss and colleagues, there are differences in neural responses that are tied to the complexity of presented stimuli; however, variations in stimulus complexity also invoke variations in the amount or pattern of visual exploration. Thus, neural responses may be modulated across stimulus conditions, but such modulations may simply be due to increased visual exploration.…”

Section: Methodsological Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Through movements across space and time, eye movements may be an outward manifestation of the hippocampal binding process . That is, saccades and gaze fixations serve as a mechanism to bind distinct elements into a coherent and lasting memory representation . These ideas harken back to early eye tracking research .…”

Section: The Purpose Of Eye Movementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…137 That is, saccades and gaze fixations serve as a mechanism to bind distinct elements into a coherent and lasting memory representation. 96,151,158 These ideas harken back to early eye tracking research. 4 In considering the findings from their octopus-in-the-barnyard study, Loftus and Mackworth 4 posited that since gist-level information can be extracted early from a scene, often within a single fixation, 159,160 the purpose of the subsequent gaze fixations may be to verify whether the presented information is already contained within existing knowledge structures or schemas.…”

Section: Inset Images Depict Coronal Slices Of the Mtl Taken At Variomentioning

confidence: 99%

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The intersection between the oculomotor and hippocampal memory systems: empirical developments and clinical implications

Ryan

Shen

Liu

2019

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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Decades of cognitive neuroscience research has shown that where we look is intimately connected to what we remember. In this article, we review findings from human and nonhuman animals, using behavioral, neuropsychological, neuroimaging, and computational modeling methods, to show that the oculomotor and hippocampal memory systems interact in a reciprocal manner, on a moment‐to‐moment basis, mediated by a vast structural and functional network. Visual exploration serves to efficiently gather information from the environment for the purpose of creating new memories, updating existing memories, and reconstructing the rich, vivid details from memory. Conversely, memory increases the efficiency of visual exploration. We call for models of oculomotor control to consider the influence of the hippocampal memory system on the cognitive control of eye movements, and for models of hippocampal and broader medial temporal lobe function to consider the influence of the oculomotor system on the development and expression of memory. We describe eye movement–based applications for the detection of neurodegeneration and delivery of therapeutic interventions for mental health disorders for which the hippocampus is implicated and memory dysfunctions are at the forefront.

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A Closer Look at the Hippocampus and Memory

Cited by 215 publications

References 91 publications

Modelling the influence of the hippocampal memory system on the oculomotor system

Modelling the influence of the hippocampal memory system on the oculomotor system

Viewpoints: how the hippocampus contributes to memory, navigation and cognition

The intersection between the oculomotor and hippocampal memory systems: empirical developments and clinical implications

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