A closer look at the antibiotic‐resistant bacterial community found in urban wastewater treatment systems

Tehrani, Amir; Gilbride, Kimberley

doi:10.1002/mbo3.589

Cited by 24 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…WWTPs have dual functions, as they can serve either as hotspots for gene transfer between bacteria due to their high-nutrient and high-density load [ 6 ], or as reservoirs of ARGs, acting as repositories or facilitating the long-term storage of antibiotic resistance determinants [ 1 ]. In fact, WWTPs may accelerate the evolutionary timeline of ARGs by increasing the mobilization of environmental resistance genes into pathogenic bacteria [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Update on Wastewater Multi-Resistant Bacteria: Identification of Clinical Pathogens Such as Escherichia coli O25b:H4-B2-ST131-Producing CTX-M-15 ESBL and KPC-3 Carbapenemase-Producing Klebsiella oxytoca

Mesquita

Ribeiro

Silva³

et al. 2021

Microorganisms

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Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are significant reservoirs of bacterial resistance. This work aims to identify the determinants of resistance produced by Gram-negative bacteria in the influent and effluent of two WWTPs in Portugal. A total of 96 wastewater samples were obtained between 2016 and 2019. The numbers of total aerobic and fecal contamination bacteria were evaluated, and genomic features were searched by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS). Enterobacteriaceae corresponded to 78.6% (n = 161) of the 205 isolates identified by 16sRNA. The most frequent isolates were Escherichia spp. (57.1%, n = 117), followed by Aeromonas spp. (16.1%, n = 33) and Klebsiella spp. (12.7%, n = 26). The remaining 29 isolates (14.1%) were distributed across 10 different genera. Among the 183 resistant genes detected, 54 isolates produced extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL), of which blaCTX-M-15 was predominant (37 isolates; 68.5%). A KPC-3 carbapenemase-producing K. oxytoca was identified (n = 1), with blaKPC-3 included in a transposon Tn4401 isoform b. A higher number of virulence genes (VG) (19 genes) was found in the E. coli 5301 (O25b-ST131-B2) isolate compared with a commensal E. coli 5281 (O25b-ST410-A) (six genes). Both shared five VG [Enterobactin; Aerobactin, CFA/1 (clade α); Type1 (clade γ1); Type IV]. In conclusion, this work highlights the role of relevant clinical bacteria in WWTPs, such as KPC-3-producing K. oxytoca, and, for the first time, a CTX-M-15-producing Ochromobactrum intermedium, a human opportunistic pathogen, and a SED-1-producing Citrobacter farmeri, an uncommon CTX-M-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamase.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Update on Wastewater Multi-Resistant Bacteria: Identification of Clinical Pathogens Such as Escherichia coli O25b:H4-B2-ST131-Producing CTX-M-15 ESBL and KPC-3 Carbapenemase-Producing Klebsiella oxytoca

Mesquita

Ribeiro

Silva³

et al. 2021

Microorganisms

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“…The significant negative correlation between levels of TMP and the distance of a site from a WWTP further suggests that the TMP being identified in rivers coming from WWTPs. Furthermore, in areas of high human population, it has been shown that excretion by humans contributes to most of the pharmaceutical waste that ends up in domestic sewers and is eventually transported to WWTPs (Tehrani and Gilbrade, 2018). This would explain the fact that the PE was significantly higher at the four sites with the highest TMP concentrations compared to those with the lowest TMP concentrations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of trimethoprim on the river microbiome and antimicrobial resistance

Delaney

Raguideau

Holden

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Recent evidence suggests that anthropogenic activity can increase the levels of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in the environment. Rivers and waterways are significant examples of environmental settings that have become repositories of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Our recent study quantified drug concentrations in freshwater samples taken at a range of sites located on the Thames catchment; the highest levels of antibiotics and other drugs were recorded downstream of waste water treatment plants (WWTPs). One specific antibiotic: Trimethoprim (TMP) was shown at elevated concentrations reaching 2000ng/L at particular sites. We have also shown a correlative relationship between the residue of TMP and the prevalence of sulfonamide antibiotic resistance genes such as sul1. Despite this, there is still no evidence of a causative relationship between TMP concentrations and the prevalence of the ARGs at river sites. The aim of the current study was to conduct in-depth analysis using a combination of large metagenomic, geospatial and chemical datasets, in order to conduct a comparison between those sites with the highest TMP and lowest TMP levels across the Thames catchment. We aimed to establish the proximity of these sites to WWTPs, their population equivalence (PE) and land coverage. A secondary aim was to investigate seasonal variation in TMP and ARGs. Exploring these factors will help to decipher the clinical relevance of ARG accumulation at river sites. A significant correlation was shown between TMP levels at river sites and their distance downstream from a WWTP. Three sites located on the Rivers Cut and Ray showed significantly higher TMP concentrations in winter compared to summer. The population equivalence (PE) for sites with the highest TMP levels was significantly higher than those with the lowest levels. The land coverage of sites with the highest TMP levels was significantly more urban/suburban than sites with the lowest TMP concentrations, which were found to be significantly more arable. Five ARGs relevant to TMP and sulfonamides were identified across the Thames catchment. The most prevalent ARG was sul1, which was significantly more prevalent in winter compared to summer. By contrast sul2 was found to be significantly more prevalent in summer compared to winter at a site on the River Coln. The prevalence of the class 1 integron marker gene (inti1) did not differ significantly by season or between sites with the highest/lowest TMP levels.

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“…The widespread of environmental ARB and ARGs have been shown in several studies displaying the ubiquity of these resistant determinants. [106][107][108][109] The misuse of antibiotics can be seen in archived soil samples from the 1940s to the present day where the resistance gene abundances have dramatically increased over the years since clinical introduction of antibiotics. 110…”

Section: Environmental Reservoir Of Antibiotic Resistancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where A is total number of resistant determinants recorded in the population, N is the number of isolates in the population, and Y is the total number of antibiotics tested. 64,107 Antibiotic resistance profiles were analyzed using the Weka software 3.8.3…”

Section: Antibiotic Susceptibility Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies have shown that antibiotic selection pressure from a single antibiotic can increase the likelihood of additional resistant determinants to be carried with other resistances via plasmids and transposons. 106,107,144,145 This formation of gene reservoirs sets the track for bacteria to accumulate and transfer resistances into potential pathogens.…”

Section: Distribution Of Antibiotic Resistancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence and Characterization of Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone Resistance in Various Aquatic Sources

Yusuf¹,

Gilbride²

2022

Preprint

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Bacterial isolates found in aquatic ecosystems often carry antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). These ARGs are often found on plasmids and transposons, which allows them to be proliferate throughout bacterial communities via horizontal gene transfer (HGT) causing dissemination of multidrug resistance. The increase in antibiotic resistance has raised concerns about the ability to continue to use these drugs to fight infectious diseases. Novel synthetic antibiotics like ciprofloxacin that are not naturally found in the environment were developed to prevent resistances. However, ciprofloxacin resistance has occurred through chromosomal gene mutations of type 2 topoisomerases or by the acquisition of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistances (PMQR). A particular PMQR, qnr genes, encoding for pentapeptide repeat proteins that confer low levels of quinolone resistance and protect DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV from antibacterial activity. These qnr genes have been identified globally in both clinical and environmental isolates. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of ciprofloxacin-resistant bacteria in aquatic environments in the Greater Toronto Area and the potential dissemination of ciprofloxacin resistance. With the selective pressure of ciprofloxacin, we hypothesize that ciprofloxacin-resistant bacteria (CipR) in the environment may carry PMQR mechanisms while the sensitive population (CipS) would not carry PMQR genes. Isolates were tested for resistance to an additional 12 different antibiotics and identified using Sanger sequencing PCR products of the 16S rRNA gene. To determine which genes are responsible for ciprofloxacin resistance, multiplex PCR of associated qnr genes, qnrA, qnrB, and qnrS, was carried out on 202 environmental isolates. Our data demonstrate a similar prevalence of qnr genes was found in CipR (19%) and CipS (14%) populations suggesting that the presence of these genes was not necessarily correlated with the phenotypic resistance to the antibiotic. Furthermore, ciprofloxacinresistant bacteria were found in all locations at similar frequencies suggesting that resistance genes are widespread and could possibly arise through HGT events. Overall, determining the underlying cause and prevalence of ciprofloxacin resistance could help re-establish the effectiveness of these antimicrobial compounds.

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A closer look at the antibiotic‐resistant bacterial community found in urban wastewater treatment systems

Cited by 24 publications

References 37 publications

An Update on Wastewater Multi-Resistant Bacteria: Identification of Clinical Pathogens Such as Escherichia coli O25b:H4-B2-ST131-Producing CTX-M-15 ESBL and KPC-3 Carbapenemase-Producing Klebsiella oxytoca

An Update on Wastewater Multi-Resistant Bacteria: Identification of Clinical Pathogens Such as Escherichia coli O25b:H4-B2-ST131-Producing CTX-M-15 ESBL and KPC-3 Carbapenemase-Producing Klebsiella oxytoca

Impact of trimethoprim on the river microbiome and antimicrobial resistance

Prevalence and Characterization of Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone Resistance in Various Aquatic Sources

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