“…Traditional detection approaches to quantitatively analyze Fe 3+ and Al 3+ , such as atomic absorption spectrometry, atomic emission spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and spectrophotometry, have been well-developed. 16,17 However, complex instrument operation, tedious sample preparation, time-consuming detection, requirements for welltrained operators and high costs impede their large-scale applications. 18,19 Compared with these traditional approaches, the fluorescent probe-based analytical techniques have attracted widespread attention owing to the properties of portability, high detection sensitivity and high efficiency real-time visual responsivity in real samples.…”