“…In this paper, a novel and special cooling system design for an axial flux permanent magnet (AFPM) machine is carried out as a case study. In the literature there has been much research on the electromagnetic aspects of AFPM machines, but their thermal performance has not been fully investigated (Mellor et al, 1991;Hendershot and Miller, 1994;Lee et al, 2000;El-Refaie et al, 2004;Boglietti et al, 2005;Mezani et al, 2005;Dorrrell et al, 2006;Trigeol et al, 2006;Yu et al, 2010;Wrobel et al, 2013;Chong et al, 2014;Dong et al, 2014). For other types of electrical machines, there are four methods generally used for thermal analysis.…”