A combined optimal sizing and energy management approach for hybrid in-wheel motors of EVs

Hung, Yi Hsuan; Wu, Chien-Hsun

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.11.028

Cited by 58 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…where a sDVA , d sDVA , F wDVA , and F eDVA are the expression of the four evaluation indexes in the electric wheel with the DVA, given by Equations (6)- (9). a scon , d scon , F wcon , and F econ are those in the conventional electric wheel.…”

Section: Parameters Optimization Of the Dvamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In an in-wheel-motor electric vehicle (IWMEV), the motor, brake, reducer and hub are mounted into the wheel. The highly integrated electric wheel provides great benefits to the vehicle space layout [7], vehicle dynamics control [8], energy conservation [9], and redundant propulsion [10]. Nevertheless, these merits are accompanied with technical challenges.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Integration Design and Optimization Control of a Dynamic Vibration Absorber for Electric Wheels with In-Wheel Motor

Liu

Huang

et al. 2017

Energies

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This paper presents an integration design scheme and an optimization control strategy for electric wheels to suppress the in-wheel vibration and improve vehicle ride comfort. The in-wheel motor is considered as a dynamic vibration absorber (DVA), which is isolated from the unsprung mass by using a spring and a damper. The proposed DVA system is applicable for both the inner-rotor motor and outer-rotor motor. Parameters of the DVA system are optimized for the typical conditions, by using the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, to achieve an acceptable vibration performance. Further, the DVA actuator force is controlled by using the alterable-domain-based fuzzy control method, to adaptively suppress the wheel vibration and reduce the wallop acting on the in-wheel motor (IWM) as well. In addition, a suspension actuator force is also controlled, by using the linear quadratic regulator (LQR) method, to enhance the suspension performance and meanwhile improve vehicle ride comfort. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed DVA system effectively suppresses the wheel vibration and simultaneously reduces the wallop acting on the IWM. Also, the alterable-domain-based fuzzy control method performs better than the conventional ones, and the LQR-based suspension exhibits excellent performance in vehicle ride comfort.

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Section: Parameters Optimization Of the Dvamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integration Design and Optimization Control of a Dynamic Vibration Absorber for Electric Wheels with In-Wheel Motor

Liu

Huang

et al. 2017

Energies

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“…0.824 (13) In this paper, the BT packs consisting of the same battery cell that is illustrated in Table 1 are employed, and Equation (13) is used as the battery capacity degradation model to quantitatively evaluate the capacity loss and the replacement cost.…”

Section: Battery Capacity Degradation Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Objective Optimization of a Hybrid ESS Based on Optimal Energy Management Strategy for LHDs

et al. 2017

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Abstract:Energy storage systems (ESS) play an important role in the performance of mining vehicles. A hybrid ESS combining both batteries (BTs) and supercapacitors (SCs) is one of the most promising solutions. As a case study, this paper discusses the optimal hybrid ESS sizing and energy management strategy (EMS) of 14-ton underground load-haul-dump vehicles (LHDs). Three novel contributions are added to the relevant literature. First, a multi-objective optimization is formulated regarding energy consumption and the total cost of a hybrid ESS, which are the key factors of LHDs, and a battery capacity degradation model is used. During the process, dynamic programming (DP)-based EMS is employed to obtain the optimal energy consumption and hybrid ESS power profiles. Second, a 10-year life cycle cost model of a hybrid ESS for LHDs is established to calculate the total cost, including capital cost, operating cost, and replacement cost. According to the optimization results, three solutions chosen from the Pareto front are compared comprehensively, and the optimal one is selected. Finally, the optimal and battery-only options are compared quantitatively using the same objectives, and the hybrid ESS is found to be a more economical and efficient option.

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“…2,3 For hybrid vehicles, engines, motors, and generators are the three main power sources that have individual optimal operating temperatures. For EVs, green energy sources, such as batteries, supercapacitors, and proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), have optimal operating temperatures.…”

Section: Literature Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechatronics design and experimental verification of an electric-vehicle-based hybrid thermal management system

Hung

Lin

et al. 2016

Advances in Mechanical Engineering

Self Cite

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In this study, an electric-vehicle-based thermal management system was designed for dual energy sources. An experimental platform developed in a previous study was modified. Regarding the mechanical components, a heat exchanger with a radiator, proportional valve, coolant pipes, and coolant pump was appropriately integrated. Regarding the electric components, two heaters emulating waste heat were controlled using two programmable power supply machines. A rapid-prototyping controller with two temperature inputs and three outputs was designed. Rule-based control strategies were coded to maintain optimal temperatures for the emulated proton exchange membrane fuel cells and lithium batteries. To evaluate the heat power of dual energy sources, driving cycles, energy management control, and efficiency maps of energy sources were considered for deriving time-variant values. The main results are as follows: (a) an advanced mechatronics platform was constructed; (b) a driving cycle simulation was successfully conducted; and (c) coolant temperatures reached their optimal operating ranges when the proportional valve, radiator, and coolant pump were sequentially controlled. The benefits of this novel electric-vehicle-based thermal management system are (a) highefficiency operation of energy sources, (b) low occupied volume integrated with energy sources, and (c) higher electric vehicle traveling mileage. This system will be integrated with real energy sources and a real electric vehicle in the future.

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A combined optimal sizing and energy management approach for hybrid in-wheel motors of EVs

Cited by 58 publications

References 29 publications

Integration Design and Optimization Control of a Dynamic Vibration Absorber for Electric Wheels with In-Wheel Motor

Integration Design and Optimization Control of a Dynamic Vibration Absorber for Electric Wheels with In-Wheel Motor

Multi-Objective Optimization of a Hybrid ESS Based on Optimal Energy Management Strategy for LHDs

Mechatronics design and experimental verification of an electric-vehicle-based hybrid thermal management system

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