A commercial GH 11 xylanase mediates xylan solubilisation and degradation in wheat, rye and barley as demonstrated by microscopy techniques and wet chemistry methods

Ravn, Jonas Laukkonen; Martens, Helle Juel; Pettersson, Dan; Pedersen, Ninfa Rangel

doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2016.06.020

Cited by 34 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Here, NSPase 2 solubilized a greater amount of AX and AXOS than NSPase 1 did. The response of wheat to NSPases was also observed in previous work 22–24 …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Improving the digestibility of cereal fractions of wheat, maize, and rice by a carbohydrase complex rich in xylanases and arabinofuranosidases: an in vitro digestion study

et al. 2020

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BACKGROUND Cereal co‐products rich in dietary fibres are increasingly used in animal feed. The high fibre content decreases the digestibility and reduces the nutrient and energy availability, resulting in lower nutritive value. Therefore, this study investigated the ability of two carbohydrase complexes to solubilize cell‐wall polysaccharides, in particular arabinoxylan (AX), from different cereal fractions of wheat, maize, and rice using an in vitro digestion model of the pig gastric and small intestinal digestive system. The first complex (NSPase 1) was rich in cell‐wall‐degrading enzymes, whereas the second complex (NSPase 2) was additionally enriched with xylanases and arabinofuranosidases. The extent of solubilization of insoluble cell‐wall polysaccharides after in vitro digestion was evaluated with gas–liquid chromatography and an enzymatic fingerprint of the AX oligosaccharides was obtained with high‐performance anion‐exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection. RESULTS The addition of carbohydrase increased the digestibility of dry matter and solubilized AX in particular, with the greatest effect in wheat fractions and less effect in maize and rice fractions. The solubilization of AX (expressed as xylose release) ranged from 6% to 41%, and there was an increased effect when enriching with xylanases and arabinofuranosidases in wheat aleurone and bran of 19% and 14% respectively. The enzymatic fingerprint of AX oligosaccharides revealed several non‐final hydrolysis products of the enzymes applied, indicating that the hydrolysis of AX was not completed during in vitro digestion. CONCLUSION These results indicate that the addition of a carbohydrase complex can introduce structural alterations under in vitro digestion conditions, and that enrichment with additional xylanases and arabinofuranosidases can boost this effect in wheat, maize, and rice. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry

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“…Here, NSPase 2 solubilized a greater amount of AX and AXOS than NSPase 1 did. The response of wheat to NSPases was also observed in previous work 22–24 …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Improving the digestibility of cereal fractions of wheat, maize, and rice by a carbohydrase complex rich in xylanases and arabinofuranosidases: an in vitro digestion study

et al. 2020

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“…Cereals such as wheat and barley are the commonly used ingredients in many swine and poultry diets (Ravn et al, 2016), and besides contributing with the dietary energy, they also increase the DF content. Barley is rich in DF (approximately 22%) whereas wheat has a lower content (approximately 13% DF; Bach Knudsen, 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of mono-component xylanase supplementation on nutrient digestibility and performance of lactating sows fed a coarsely ground diet

Zhou

Nuntapaitoon

Pedersen

et al. 2018

Journal of Animal Science

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The objective of the current study was to investigate the effect of supplementing a mono-component xylanase to a coarsely ground lactation diet (feed fraction particle size above 2 mm was more than 17%) based on wheat, barley, and soybean meal on nutrient digestibility and performance of lactating sows. A total of 30 cross-bred (Danish Landrace × Yorkshire) multiparous sows (parity 2 to 5) were used. Sows were fed a standard gestation diet from mating until day 108 of gestation, and then stratified for BW (295.4 ± 26.1 kg average BW) and parity to receive one of two dietary treatments (n = 15 per treatment), a lactation diet without (control diet) or with supplemented enzyme (enzyme diet). The enzyme applied was a mono-component xylanase dosed at 200 enzyme unit (FXU) per kg of feed, which corresponds to 200 g per ton of feed. The diets were fed until weaning at day 28 of lactation. On day 2 of lactation, litter size of each sow was adjusted to 14 piglets within treatment. Reproductive performance of the sows, growth of the piglets, yield and composition of sow milk, plasma metabolites and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients were measured. Supplementation of xylanase had no effect (P > 0.05) on total born and live born piglets or stillbirth rate (%) at parturition. Initial parameters on day 2 of lactation including sow BW and back fat thickness, litter size, piglet weight, and litter weight were similar (P > 0.05) between treatments. Piglet weight gain, litter weight gain, litter size, and daily milk yield did not differ (P > 0.05) between treatments. The ADFI was increased by 4.5% (P < 0.01), and BW loss during the whole lactation was reduced from -13.6 to -5.2 kg (P = 0.04) with xylanase addition when compared to control sows. The ATTD of GE (83.9 vs. 82.9, P < 0.01), DM (84.2 vs. 83.4, P < 0.01), N (83.4 vs. 81.7, P = 0.02), OM (86.5 vs. 85.7, P < 0.01) and total nonstarch polysaccharides (NSP; 59.4 vs. 56.7, P = 0.02) were all increased by xylanase supplementation. Milk composition and plasma metabolites were not affected (P > 0.05), except that plasma triglycerides content was increased by xylanase addition (0.23 vs. 0.20 mM, P = 0.04). In conclusion, supplementing a mono-component xylanase to a coarsely ground lactating diet based on wheat, barley, and soybean meal improved sow feed intake and nutrient digestibility, thereby reducing sow BW loss throughout lactation, whereas milk yield and piglet performance were not affected.

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“…However, these digestibility responses are inconsistent in pigs fed corn-based diets ( Kerr et al, 2013 ; Passos et al, 2015 ), and digestibility metrics provide no discernment if it is due to the enzyme or modulation of the microbiome. Conversely, there is considerable in vitro microscopic evidence to support this MOA ( Le et al, 2013 ; Jha et al, 2015 ; Ravn et al, 2016 ), but minimal work has been conducted in corn-based feed ingredients or in vivo. Indeed, the nutritional and economic value of xylanase is amplified if the caging effect of NSP can be consistently mitigated in vivo; further research is needed to confirm this MOA in corn-based diets.…”

Section: The Moa Of Xylanase In Pigsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Xylanase supplementation in corn-based swine diets: a review with emphasis on potential mechanisms of action

Petry

Patience

2020

Journal of Animal Science

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Corn is a common energy source in pig diets globally; when financially warranted, industrial corn co-products, such as corn distiller’s dried grains with solubles (DDGS), are also employed. The energy provided by corn stems largely from starch, with some contribution from protein, fat, and non-starch polysaccharides (NSP). When corn DDGS are used in the diet, it will reduce starch within the diet, increase dietary protein, fat, and NSP levels, and alter the source profile of dietary energy. Arabinoxylans comprise the majority of NSP in corn and its co-products. One strategy to mitigate the antinutritive effects of NSP and improve its contribution to energy is by including carbohydrases within the diet. Xylanase is a carbohydrase that targets the β-(1-4) glycosidic bonds of arabinoxylan, releasing a mixture of smaller polysaccharides, oligosaccharides, and pentoses that could potentially be used by the pig. Xylanase is consistently effective in poultry production and moderately consistent in wheat-based swine diets, but its efficacy in corn-based swine diets is quite variable. Xylanase has been shown to improve the digestibility of various components of swine-based diets, but this seldom translates into an improvement in growth performance. Indeed, a review of xylanase literature conducted herein suggest xylanase improves the digestibility of dietary fiber at least 50% of the time in pigs fed corn-based diets, but only 33% and 26% of the time was an increase in average daily gain or feed efficiency observed, respectively. Intriguingly, there has been an abundance of reports proposing xylanase alters intestinal barrier integrity, inflammatory responses, oxidative status, and other health markers in the pig. Notably, xylanase has shown to reduce mortality in both high and low health commercial herds. These inconsistencies in performance metrics, and unexpected health benefits, warrant greater understanding of the in vivo mechanism(s) of action (MOA) of xylanase. While the MOA of xylanase has been postulated considerably in the literature, and widely studied in in vitro settings, in wheat-based diets, and in poultry, there is a dearth of understanding of the in vivo MOA in pigs fed corn-based diets. This purpose of this review is to explore the role of xylanase in corn-based swine diets, discuss responses observed when supplemented in diets containing corn-based fiber, suggest potential MOA of xylanase, and identify critical research gaps.

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A commercial GH 11 xylanase mediates xylan solubilisation and degradation in wheat, rye and barley as demonstrated by microscopy techniques and wet chemistry methods

Cited by 34 publications

References 31 publications

Improving the digestibility of cereal fractions of wheat, maize, and rice by a carbohydrase complex rich in xylanases and arabinofuranosidases: an in vitro digestion study

Improving the digestibility of cereal fractions of wheat, maize, and rice by a carbohydrase complex rich in xylanases and arabinofuranosidases: an in vitro digestion study

Effects of mono-component xylanase supplementation on nutrient digestibility and performance of lactating sows fed a coarsely ground diet

Xylanase supplementation in corn-based swine diets: a review with emphasis on potential mechanisms of action

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