A compact, high-density gamma-detection module for Time-of-Flight measurements in PET applications

Sacco, Ilaria; Dohle, Rainer; Fischer, P.; Piemonte, C.; Ritzert, M.

doi:10.1016/j.nima.2015.11.004

Cited by 19 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Directly after the analog detector block, applicationspecific integrated circuits (ASICs) are employed to trigger on the analog signal pulses created by SiPMs and PMTs (see Fig. 2) [18,72,91,96]. Alternatively, digital SiPMs are used which are combining the function of an analog SiPM and the ASIC [16,95].…”

Section: Detector Data Acquisition and Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid total-body pet scanners—current status and future perspectives

Nadig

Herrmann

Mottaghy

et al. 2021

Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging

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Purpose Since the 1990s, PET has been successfully combined with MR or CT systems. In the past years, especially PET systems have seen a trend towards an enlarged axial field of view (FOV), up to a factor of ten. Methods Conducting a thorough literature research, we summarize the status quo of contemporary total-body (TB) PET/CT scanners and give an outlook on possible future developments. Results Currently, three human TB PET/CT systems have been developed: The PennPET Explorer, the uExplorer, and the Biograph Vision Quadra realize aFOVs between 1 and 2 m and show a tremendous increase in system sensitivity related to their longer gantries. Conclusion The increased system sensitivity paves the way for short-term, low-dose, and dynamic TB imaging as well as new examination methods in almost all areas of imaging.

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Section: Detector Data Acquisition and Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid total-body pet scanners—current status and future perspectives

Nadig

Herrmann

Mottaghy

et al. 2021

Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging

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“…An 18-channel ASIC using a tot-method to digitize energies achieved a CRT of 275 ps and an energy resolution of 11.8% in coincidence experiments with two 12 × 12 Hamamatsu C13500-4075LC-12 modules coupled to 20-mm-high scintillator arrays and read out by 8 ASICs in total [71]. Module tests with the PETA5 ASIC and SiPMs fabricated by Fondazione Bruno Kessler (FBK, RGB-HD technology) achieved and average CRT of 230 ps and an energy resolution of about 14% when one-to-onecoupled to 10-mm-high LYSO scintillator arrays [47]. PETsys reports a CRT of 260 ps between two Hamamatsu S13361-3050AE-04 arrays each one-to-one-coupled to an array of 15-mm-high LYSO needles [12].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The energy of the respective event can then be measured either by signal integration featuring capacitors (qdc-method) or by measuring the time over a specified threshold (tot-method) [13,40,41]. The Weeroc series [36,37,42], the PETA series [27,[43][44][45][46][47][48] and the TOFPET2 series by PETsys Electronics S.A. [49,50] use such a qdc-method to measure the signal energy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the PETsys TOFPET2 ASIC in multi-channel coincidence experiments

et al. 2021

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Background Aiming to measure the difference in arrival times of two coincident γ-photons with an accuracy in the order of 200ps, time-of-flight positron emission tomography systems commonly employ silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) and high-resolution digitization electronics, application specific integrated circuits (ASICs). This work evaluates the performance of the TOFPET2 ASIC, released by PETsys Electronics S.A. in 2017, dependent on its configuration parameters in multi-channel coincidence measurements. Methods SiPM arrays fabricated by different vendors (KETEK, SensL, Hamamatsu, Broadcom) were tested in combination with the ASIC. Scintillator arrays featuring different reflector designs and different configurations of the TOFPET2 ASIC software parameters were evaluated. The benchtop setup used is provided with the TOFPET2 ASIC evaluation kit by PETsys Electronics S.A. Results Compared to existing studies featuring the TOFPET2 ASIC, multi-channel performance results dependent on a larger set of ASIC configuration parameters were obtained that have not been reported to this extend so far. The ASIC shows promising CRTs down to 219.9 ps in combination with two Hamamatsu S14161-3050-HS-08 SiPM arrays (128 channels read out, energy resolution 13.08%) and 216.1 ps in combination with two Broadcom AFBR-S4N44P643S SiPM arrays (32 channels read out, energy resolution 9.46%). The length of the trigger delay of the dark count suppression scheme has an impact on the ASIC performance and can be configured to further improve the coincidence resolution time. The integrator gain configuration has been investigated and allows an absolute improvement of the energy resolution by up to 1% at the cost of the linearity of the energy spectrum. Conclusion Measuring up to the time-of-flight performance of state-of-the-art positron emission tomography (ToF-PET) systems while providing a uniform and stable readout for multiple channels at the same time, the TOFPET2 ASIC is treated as promising candidate for the integration in future ToF-PET systems.

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“…The SAFIR-I insert employs 4320 Lu 2(1−x) Y 2x SiO 5 Lutetium Yttrium OxyorthoSilicate (LYSO) crystals supplied by Meishan Boya Advanced Materials, which are coupled one-toone to Hamamatsu S13361-2050AE-08 SPL0 (The employed MPPC arrays are a customized version of Hamamatsu S13361-2050AE-08 featuring common anode instead of common cathode) Multi Pixel Photon Counter (MPPC) arrays and arranged along a dodecagon (see Figure 1). The insert's electronics are highly integrated, featuring the Position-Energy-Timing Application Specific Integrated Circuit, version 6, Single Ended (PETA6SE) [33,34] as a readout chip. All parts required for the processing and digitization of MPPC signals as well as components used for power conversion and conditioning are integrated into the insert and operate inside the 7 T magnetic field of the MRI system.…”

Section: Detector Conceptmentioning

confidence: 99%

SAFIR-I: Design and Performance of a High-Rate Preclinical PET Insert for MRI

Bebie

Becker

Commichau

et al. 2021

Sensors

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(1) Background: Small Animal Fast Insert for MRI detector I (SAFIR-I) is a preclinical Positron Emission Tomography (PET) insert for the Bruker BioSpec 70/30 Ultra Shield Refrigerated (USR) preclinical 7T Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) system. It is designed explicitly for high-rate kinetic studies in mice and rats with injected activities reaching 500MBq, enabling truly simultaneous quantitative PET and Magnetic Resonance (MR) imaging with time frames of a few seconds in length. (2) Methods: SAFIR-I has an axial field of view of 54.2mm and an inner diameter of 114mm. It employs Lutetium Yttrium OxyorthoSilicate (LYSO) crystals and Multi Pixel Photon Counter (MPPC) arrays. The Position-Energy-Timing Application Specific Integrated Circuit, version 6, Single Ended (PETA6SE) digitizes the MPPC signals and provides time stamps and energy information. (3) Results: SAFIR-I is MR-compatible. The system’s Coincidence Resolving Time (CRT) and energy resolution are between separate-uncertainty 209.0(3)ps and separate-uncertainty 12.41(02) Full Width at Half Maximum (FWHM) at low activity and separate-uncertainty 326.89(12)ps and separate-uncertainty 20.630(011) FWHM at 550MBq, respectively. The peak sensitivity is ∼1.6. The excellent performance facilitated the successful execution of first in vivo rat studies beyond 300MBq. Based on features visible in the acquired images, we estimate the spatial resolution to be ∼2mm in the center of the Field Of View (FOV). (4) Conclusion: The SAFIR-I PET insert provides excellent performance, permitting simultaneous in vivo small animal PET/MR image acquisitions with time frames of a few seconds in length at activities of up to 500MBq.

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A compact, high-density gamma-detection module for Time-of-Flight measurements in PET applications

Cited by 19 publications

References 6 publications

Hybrid total-body pet scanners—current status and future perspectives

Hybrid total-body pet scanners—current status and future perspectives

Evaluation of the PETsys TOFPET2 ASIC in multi-channel coincidence experiments

SAFIR-I: Design and Performance of a High-Rate Preclinical PET Insert for MRI

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