A Comparative Analysis of Metaheuristic Algorithms for Enhanced Parameter Estimation on Inverted Pendulum System Dynamics

Abstract

This research explores the application of metaheuristic algorithms to refine parameter estimation in dynamic systems, with a focus on the inverted pendulum model. Three optimization techniques, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Continuous Genetic Algorithm (CGA), and Salp Swarm Algorithm (SSA), are introduced to solve this problem. Through a thorough statistical evaluation, the optimal performance of each technique within the dynamic methodology is determined. Furthermore, the efficacy of these algorithms is demonstrated through experimental validation on a real prototype, providing practical insights into their performance. The outcomes of this study contribute to the advancement of control strategies by integrating precisely estimated physical parameters into various control algorithms, including PID controllers, fuzzy logic controllers, and model predictive controllers. Each algorithm ran 1000 times, and the SSA algorithm achieved the best performance, with the most accurate parameter estimation with a minimum error of 0.015 01 N m and a mean solution error of 0.015 06 N m. This precision was further underscored by its lowest standard deviation in RMSE (1.443 99×10−6 N m), indicating remarkable consistency across evaluations. The 95% confidence interval for error corroborated the algorithm’s reliability in deriving optimal solutions.