A Comparative Assessment of Passive Safety Systems in Integral Pressurized Water Reactor Type Small Modular Reactor

Mi, Yi; Zeliang, Chireuding; Tokuhiro, Akira; Lu, Lixuan

doi:10.1299/jsmeicone.2019.27.1872

“…We present in Table 2 a concise summary of the design characteristics, unique features and deployment strategy of each iPWR-type SMR designs. In the work by Mi et al [16], we provide a brief technical description of each of the iPWR SMR reactor designs.…”

Section: Ipwr-type Small Modular Reactor Designsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides electricity generation, ACP100 is also intended for cogeneration purposes, such as desalination, heating, and steam production. The integrated steam supply system installed within the RPV consists of the reactor core, sixteen (16) once-through steam generators (SGs), and a pressurizer (PRZ) [11]. The ACP100 reactor core consists of 57 fuel assemblies in a 17 × 17 square pitch configuration with a total length of 2.15 m, and an expected UO 2 enrichment of about 2.4-4.0% [17].…”

Section: Acp100mentioning

confidence: 99%

Integral PWR-Type Small Modular Reactor Developmental Status, Design Characteristics and Passive Features: A Review

Zeliang

¹

,

Mi

²

,

Tokuhiro

³

et al. 2020

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In recent years, the trend in small modular reactor (SMR) technology development has been towards the water-cooled integral pressurized water reactor (iPWR) type. The innovative and unique characteristics of iPWR-type SMRs provide an enhanced safety margin, and thus offer the potential to expand the use of safe, clean, and reliable nuclear energy to a broad range of energy applications. Currently in the world, there are about eleven (11) iPWR-type SMRs concepts and designs that are in various phases of development: under construction, licensed or in the licensing review process, the development phase, and conceptual design phase. Lack of national and/or internatonal comparative framework for safety in SMR design, as well as the proprietary nature of designs introduces non-uniformity and uncertainties in regulatory review. That said, the major primary reactor coolant system components, such as the steam generator (SG), pressurizer (PRZ), and control rod drive mechanism (CRDM) are integrated within the reactor pressure vessel (RPV) to inherently eliminate or minimize potential accident initiators, such as LB-loss of coolant accidents (LOCAs). This paper presents the design status, innovative features and characteristics of iPWR-type SMRs. We delineate the common technology trends, and highlight the key features of each design. These reactor concepts exploit natural physical laws such as gravity to achieve the safety functions with high level of margin and reliability. In fact, many SMR designs employ passive safety systems (PSS) to meet the evolving stringent regulatory requirements, and the extended consideration for severe accidents. A generic classification of PSS is provided. We constrain our discussion to the decay heat removal system, safety injection system, reactor depressurization system, and containment system. A review and comparative assessment of these passive features in each iPWR-type SMR design is considered, and we underline how it maybe more advantageous to employ passive systems in SMRs in contrast to conventional reactor designs.

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“…The control room also houses safety systems, control rods, and emergency shutdown mechanisms that allow operators to initiate a safe shutdown of the reactor if necessary [Simonsen & Osvalder, 2015;Densmore & Duffy, 2021). The operators are trained to handle various plant conditions, identify potential safety issues, and follow strict safety protocols and emergency procedures (Acuna et al, 2023) On the other hand, Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) incorporate advanced passive safety features that enhance their inherent safety and reduce reliance on active systems (Mi et al, 2019). Passive safety systems utilize natural processes such as gravity, convection, and natural circulation, making them simpler, more reliable, and less susceptible to failures (Gaikwad et al, 2023).…”

Section: Introduction 11npp and Smr Plant Operationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electroencephalogram-Based Human Performance Analysis for Improved Small Modular Reactor Operation

Gaber,

Ren,

A.Gabbar

2024

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In the wake of the rapid deployment of Small Modular Reactors (SMRs), this study aims to enhance the efficiency, reliability, and safety of SMR operations through a deeper understanding of human factors in their interaction within digital control room systems. Recognizing the pivotal role of human understanding in this new era of nuclear power, we employed electroencephalogram (EEG)-based monitoring to provide an unparalleled real-time view into operators' cognitive states. By interfacing detailed human models, informed by EEG metrics, with specific operational tasks, we recreate potential operational scenarios using an SMR simulator and capture intricate human responses therein. Our results elucidated the intricate relationship between EEG-derived data and human performance shaping factors, indicating a marked correlation between certain EEG patterns and operational efficiencies. Conclusively, these findings underscore the potential of EEG monitoring not only as a diagnostic tool but as an instrumental aid in the design and operation of future SMR digital control rooms. The insights derived offer a roadmap for the development of practical strategies, ensuring more effective and safer SMR operations.

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“…The control room also houses safety systems, control rods, and emergency shutdown mechanisms that allow operators to initiate a safe shutdown of the reactor if necessary [Simonsen & Osvalder, 2015;Densmore & Duffy, 2021). The operators are trained to handle various plant conditions, identify potential safety issues, and follow strict safety protocols and emergency procedures (Acuna et al, 2023) On the other hand, Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) incorporate advanced passive safety features that enhance their inherent safety and reduce reliance on active systems (Mi et al, 2019). Passive safety systems utilize natural processes such as gravity, convection, and natural circulation, making them simpler, more reliable, and less susceptible to failures (Gaikwad et al, 2023).…”

Section: Introduction 11npp and Smr Plant Operationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electroencephalogram-Based Human Performance Analysis for Improved Small Modular Reactor Operation

Gaber,

Ren,

A.Gabbar

2023

Preprint

0

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In the wake of the rapid deployment of Small Modular Reactors (SMRs), this study aims to enhance the efficiency, reliability, and safety of SMR operations through a deeper understanding of human factors in their interaction within digital control room systems. Recognizing the pivotal role of human understanding in this new era of nuclear power, we employed electroencephalogram (EEG)-based monitoring to provide an unparalleled real-time view into operators' cognitive states. By interfacing detailed human models, informed by EEG metrics, with specific operational tasks, we recreate potential operational scenarios using an SMR simulator and capture intricate human responses therein. Our results elucidated the intricate relationship between EEG-derived data and human performance shaping factors, indicating a marked correlation between certain EEG patterns and operational efficiencies. Conclusively, these findings underscore the potential of EEG monitoring not only as a diagnostic tool but as an instrumental aid in the design and operation of future SMR digital control rooms. The insights derived offer a roadmap for the development of practical strategies, ensuring more effective and safer SMR operations.

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A Comparative Assessment of Passive Safety Systems in Integral Pressurized Water Reactor Type Small Modular Reactor

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Integral PWR-Type Small Modular Reactor Developmental Status, Design Characteristics and Passive Features: A Review

Integral PWR-Type Small Modular Reactor Developmental Status, Design Characteristics and Passive Features: A Review

Electroencephalogram-Based Human Performance Analysis for Improved Small Modular Reactor Operation

Electroencephalogram-Based Human Performance Analysis for Improved Small Modular Reactor Operation

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