A Comparative Evaluation of Factors Influencing Osteoinductivity Among Scaffolds Designed for Bone Regeneration

Abstract

Due to differing compositions, synthetic scaffolds developed for bone regeneration vary widely in efficacy. To quantify the impact of such differences on osteoinductivity, numerous parameters were examined. Absorbable collagen sponge (ACS), three ceramic-based carriers (#1-3) of varying compositions, mineralized allograft chips, and an experimental phosphoserine-rich nanofiber scaffold [S(P) gel] were compared in their ability to promote cell adhesion, proliferation/survival, growth factor binding/release, and osteogenic gene expression. Human preosteoblasts were found to adhere most efficiently to the S(P) gel, and the growth/survival was greatest on the S(P) and ACS scaffolds, with minimal growth seen on the allograft and Ceramic #3. In bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) binding/release assays, ACS demonstrated a burst release pattern, whereas the allograft and the ceramics inefficiently released BMP-2. The S(P) gel showed the most ideal rates of growth factor binding and release. QPCR analyses showed significant differences in the CXCL12, CXCR4, and RANKL transcripts among the cells grown on these various scaffolds. Although some scaffolds showed an advantage over others in individual parameters, the nanofiber gel appears to provide the optimal balance in the factors important to osteoinductivity evaluated here.

The synergistic effect of bone forming peptide‐1 and endothelial progenitor cells to promote vascularization of tissue engineered bone

“…β‐TCP has been extensively used as an excellent substitute in bone tissue engineering . Besides, β‐TCP has been reported act as a carrier for slow release of BMP‐2 in vitro . Therefore, β‐TCP was utilized to fabricate BFP‐1 loaded construct in the present study.…”

Acceleration of Bone Regeneration byBMP‐2‐Loaded Collagenated Biphasic Calcium Phosphate in Rabbit Sinus

“…In terms of the release kinetics of BMP‐2, ACS exhibited an initial burst release pattern of BMP‐2, whereas allografts and ceramics inefficiently released BMP‐2 . HA particles are poorly bioresorbable, whereas TCP particles progressively undergo bioresorption .…”

Taking cues from the extracellular matrix to design bone-mimetic regenerative scaffolds

“…Extensive animal studies support the efficacy of both synthetic and biologic CaPs (e.g., allograft) as BMP carriers [123–130]. While rBMPs appear to bind more efficiently to CaPs than a collagen sponge [131,132], concerns remain regarding insufficient BMP-CaP coupling. Moreover, as a conjugation strategy, physical adsorption to a carrier offers minimal control over the dose and timing of rBMP delivery.…”