A Comparative Evaluation of Geospatial Semantic Web Frameworks for Cultural Heritage

Abstract

Recently, many Resource Description Framework (RDF) data generation tools have been developed to convert geospatial and non-geospatial data into RDF data. Furthermore, there are several interlinking frameworks that find semantically equivalent geospatial resources in related RDF data sources. However, many existing Linked Open Data sources are currently sparsely interlinked. Also, many RDF generation and interlinking frameworks require a solid knowledge of Semantic Web and Geospatial Semantic Web concepts to successfully deploy them. This article comparatively evaluates features and functionality of the current state-of-the-art geospatial RDF generation tools and interlinking frameworks. This evaluation is specifically performed for cultural heritage researchers and professionals who have limited expertise in computer programming. Hence, a set of criteria has been defined to facilitate the selection of tools and frameworks. In addition, the article provides a methodology to generate geospatial cultural heritage RDF data and to interlink it with the related RDF data. This methodology uses a CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model (CRM) ontology and interlinks the RDF data with DBpedia. Although this methodology has been developed for cultural heritage researchers and professionals, it may also be used by other domain professionals.

Exploring Historical Australian Expeditions with Time-Layered Cultural Maps

“…Cultural Heritage is an active research domain, especially regarding the application of Semantic Web technologies and Linked Data in the last decade [9], and research efforts are continuing. For example, in a recent publication, Nishanbaev, Champion, and McMeekin [17] performed a comparative evaluation survey for cultural heritage researchers and professionals interested in applying GIS tools to analyze and visualize spatio-temporal data embedded in cultural heritage data and publishing (non)spatial cultural heritage data according to Linked Data principles. The comparative evaluation focused on geospatial data conversion tools that do not require computer programming skills (which can otherwise cause reluctance or even rejection of the tools when used by cultural heritage researchers).…”

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“…On the other hand, heritage education models seek to adapt to the current demands for Information and communication technology (ICT) resources. For instance, computer-generated graphics can be used to explain the evolution of archaeological and cultural landscapes through augmented reality [1], the georeference of cultural heritage assets [2], and ICT applied to archaeology [3]. In this regard, cultural heritage education has traditionally been the subject of methods that have evolved from Recommendation R (98) 5 to the Member States on Heritage Education [4], which calls for heritage education to be based on cross-cutting approaches, as well as a partnership between the fields of education and culture that employs the widest variety of modes of communication and expression.…”

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“…Son zamanlarda, coğrafi ve coğrafi olmayan verileri birçok Resource Description Framework (RDF) verilerine dönüştürmek için birçok RDF veri oluşturma aracı geliştirilmiştir. Nishanbaev ve arkadaşları mevcut son teknoloji jeo-uzamsal RDF oluşturma araçlarının ve birbirine bağlanan çerçevelerin özelliklerini ve işlevlerini karşılaştırmalı olarak değerlendirmişlerdir [14]. Buna ek olarak, makale jeo-uzamsal kültürel miras RDF verilerini oluşturmak ve bunları ilgili RDF verileriyle ilişkilendirmek için bir metodoloji sunmaktadır.…”

“…Geospatial Semantic Web'de jeo uzamsal verileri ifade etmek, depolamak ve sorgulamak için gerekli yapıları barındırır. Semantic web alanında kullanılan sorgulama dili SPARQL iken GeoSpatial semantic web'de GeoSPARQL olmaktadır [14].…”