A comparative evaluation of phytic acid as final rinse solution with other chelating agents for elimination of intraradicular smear: A scanning electron microscope study

Abstract

A BSTRACT Aim: The aim of this study was to compare radicular smear layer removal ability of different solutions of phytic acid (PA) with other chelating agents when used in specific irrigant protocols. Materials and Methods: Seventy four maxillary central incisors were collected, standardized, and canals were prepared. A total of 5% sodium hypochlorite was used as the initial rinse solution (8mL). Samples were divided into control (Group I—normal saline and II—7% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) and experimental groups (Group III, IV, V, VI, VII, and VIII) based on the type of final rinse solution used, that is, 5% PA, 10% PA, 17% PA, 5% citric acid (CA), 10% CA, and 17% CA (5mL). Samples were coded, buccolingually divided into two halves, dehydrated, mounted, splutter coated, and examined under scanning electron microscope. Results: Group IV had the least smear and debris in coronal, middle, and apical thirds with mean scores of 1.06 and 1.3, respectively. When compared with Group II, no statistically significant difference was found (P > 0.05). Overall, the Group III had the lowest erosion scores at apical, middle, and coronal one-third with a mean of 1.68. Group VII had the highest amount of erosion with loss of peritubular and intertubular dentin at all levels. Conclusion: The role of PA as final rinse solution for the removal of radicular smear is promising and comparable to other chelating agents.

Application of Inositol Hexaphosphate and Inositol in Dental Medicine: An Overview

“…The unique structure of six phosphate groups without direct bonds between phosphates gives it its characteristic effects [2,3]. The anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects of IP6 have been demonstrated in numerous studies, and it has been shown to have a beneficial impact on suppressing chronic inflammatory diseases [3,7,15] (Figure 2). Apart from the above effects on cations, IP6 also reacts with various enzymes, such as α-amylase, β-glucosidase, lipases, proteinases and other proinflammatory enzymes, starch, and many proteins [5].…”

“…The unique structure of six phosphate groups without direct bonds between phosphates gives it its characteristic effects [ 2 , 3 ]. The anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects of IP6 have been demonstrated in numerous studies, and it has been shown to have a beneficial impact on suppressing chronic inflammatory diseases [ 3 , 7 , 15 ] ( Figure 2 ).…”

“…Omoruyi et al have shown that the combination of IP6 and inositol as a food supplement may have a role in insulin secretion regulation, modulate serum leptin, and also decrease food intake, which leads to better control of food-associated weight gain, all of which can be contributory to better control of both prediabetic and diabetic states [ 18 ]. The antioxidant effect of IP6 is based on iron chelation, which catalyzes the formation of hydroxyl radicals while preventing the formation of molecules responsible for cell damage and carcinogenesis, such as oxygen free radicals [ 5 , 6 , 15 ].…”

“…IP6-generated inositol pyrophosphates increase glycolysis by boosting the mitochondrial functions, and consequently increase cellular energetics [ 15 , 19 ]. They also have a role in hemostasis; 5-IP7 is a key player in maintaining hemostasis.…”

“…In addition, IP6 was also observed to have a significant effect on the chelation of oxygen-free radicals, preventing the exacerbation of chronic inflammatory diseases. At the molecular level, it has been shown to promote NK cell function and regulate the expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-β in neutrophils [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 10 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ].…”