“…Recently, self-adhesive (ie, self-etching) versions of these sealers have been introduced that eliminate the use of a separate priming step (16,17), rendering them easier and faster to use. Although resin composites may show acceptable biocompatibility when polymerized under optimal light-curing conditions (18,19), the cytotoxicity of dualcurable resin-based sealer composites should be evaluated in the self-cured mode (20,21) because this is how the sealers polymerize in the apical third of canal walls and within the periradicular tissues (22).…”