A Comparative Evaluation of the Mechanical Properties of Two Calcium Phosphate/Collagen Composite Materials and Their Osteogenic Effects on Adipose‐Derived Stem Cells

Abstract

Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are ideal seed cells for use in bone tissue engineering and they have many advantages over other stem cells. In this study, two kinds of calcium phosphate/collagen composite scaffolds were prepared and their effects on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of ADSCs were investigated. The hydroxyapatite/β-tricalcium phosphate (HA/β-TCP) composite scaffolds (HTPSs), which have an additional β-tricalcium phosphate, resulted in better proliferation of ADSCs and showed osteogenesis-promoting effects. Therefore, such composite scaffolds, in combination with ADSCs or on their own, would be promising for use in bone regeneration and potential clinical therapy for bone defects.

Comparative evaluation of the physicochemical properties of nano-hydroxyapatite/collagen and natural bone ceramic/collagen scaffolds and their osteogenesis-promoting effect on MC3T3-E1 cells

“…The results of XPS analysis are shown in Fig. 1a and revealed that the two kinds of calcium phosphate, nHA and NBC, had the same elemental composition, Ca, P, O and C. Calculation of the Ca/P ratio yielded a ratio of 1.67 for nHA and 1.58 for NBC, both of which were consistent with previous reports [20, 34, 35]. That the Ca/P ratio of NBC was lower than that of nHA.…”

Effects of collagen/β-tricalcium phosphate bone graft to regenerate bone in critically sized rabbit calvarial defects

“…51–55 Increased PO 4 3− in the surrounding medium provides an alkaline environment, which has previously been proven to increase the alkaline phosphatase activity within human dental pulp cells 56 and might be more desirable for osteogenesis. For example, Li et al 57 reported that the addition of β-TCP to COL/hydroxyapatite particles could result in better proliferation of adipose-derived stem cells with osteogenesis-promoting effects. Li et al 57 also mentioned that its excellent mechanical property could both support bone formation and make the scaffold conducive for use in clinical applications.…”

“…For example, Li et al 57 reported that the addition of β-TCP to COL/hydroxyapatite particles could result in better proliferation of adipose-derived stem cells with osteogenesis-promoting effects. Li et al 57 also mentioned that its excellent mechanical property could both support bone formation and make the scaffold conducive for use in clinical applications. In our previous experiment, 37 we also showed that the presence of β-TCP in the collagen matrix could provide a much higher compressive modulus for the prepared composite than that of collagen.…”

“…The good water absorbance and high porosity of this scaffold allowed blood infiltration and material exchange and promoted cell proliferation with the ability for manipulation with normal saline and blood. 57 Calcium phosphate ceramics are able to induce angiogenesis, a requirement for osteoinduction. In fact, a higher content of β-TCP phase has been proven to enhance neovascularization, a prerequisite for osteoinduction.…”

In Vitro Mechanical and Biological Properties of 3D Printed Polymer Composite and β-Tricalcium Phosphate Scaffold on Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells

“…In this study, we found that the stiffness of 3D-TCP scaffold was highly improved in comparison with conventionally made C-TCP scaffold, even though they are the same material with a similar pore size and porosity. It is reported that the mechanical properties of the commercial heterogeneous bone “Bio-Oss ® ” used in oral and maxillofacial clinic are 17.93 ± 0.292 Mpa, which are lower than our 3D-TCP scaffold [ 24 ]. The mechanical results in our study suggested that 3D regular interconnected porous structures facilitated the desirable mechanical properties.…”