A comparative experimental study of the effects of diclofenac and ketoprofen on the small-bowel mucosa of canines

Baltoyiannis, George; Christodoulos, Nathanael; Mitsis, Michail; Stephanou, Dimitris; Ioannou, H V; Nousias, Vasilios; Kappas, Angelos M.

doi:10.1007/bf03220020

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Based on the findings, it can be concluded that, in terms of ensuring patient protection, the in vitro performance of EUDRACAP ® enteric capsules is comparable to that of established drug products [10,11].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

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Evidence of Reliable Gastro-Resistance of Novel Enteric Ready-to-Fill Capsules Simplifying Pharmaceutical Manufacturing

Afonso Urich,

Fedorko,

Hölzer

et al. 2023

Pharmaceutics

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Developing delayed-release formulations for acid-sensitive actives can be a costly and time-consuming process. However, ready-to-fill functional capsules, such as EUDRACAP® can significantly mitigate these challenges. The in vitro performance of EUDRACAP® enteric was evaluated in two typical delayed-release scenarios: for diclofenac (a drug that can cause irritation to gastric mucosa), and for omeprazole (a drug susceptible to degradation due to the acidity of gastric fluid). The prototypes were tested in HCl 0.1N according to the USP <711> for at least 2 h and compared to commercial products. The results showed that the performance of EUDRACAP® was below LOD and in compliance with the requirements for drug release in acidic media (NMT 10%). Additionally, the impurities were evaluated after the acidic stress. The low total percentage of impurities of 0.44% for diclofenac (NMT 1.50%) and 0.22% for omeprazole (NMT 2.00%) indicates a very good protection by EUDRACAP®. A comprehensive comparative analysis of the in vitro performance clearly showed the acid protection capability of EUDRACAP® enteric capsules making them a serious alternative to existing enteric dosage forms alternatives. EUDRACAP® is an accessible solution both in large-scale industrial and smaller pharmacy settings. Offering increased accessibility, affordability, and convenience to manufacturers and consumers alike and leading to improved healthcare outcomes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Diclofenac is an example of such a drug with gastric irritant properties [10]. It is a widely used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug for the treatment of chronic arthritis and mild-to-moderate acute pain [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of Reliable Gastro-Resistance of Novel Enteric Ready-to-Fill Capsules Simplifying Pharmaceutical Manufacturing

Afonso Urich,

Fedorko,

Hölzer

et al. 2023

Pharmaceutics

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“…5 Some drugs used in dermatological topicals that are well-tolerated in people may be toxic to dogs or cats because of species differences in toxicosis. For example, oral diclofenac has an extremely high ulcerogenic potential in dogs, 6 but not in people. Exposure to topical flurbiprofen products causes anaemia, renal failure and death in cats.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dermatological topical products used in the US population and their toxicity to dogs and cats

Tater¹,

Gwaltney‐Brant²,

Wismer

2019

Veterinary Dermatology

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Background Many dermatological topicals are available for human use and may be toxic to dogs and cats. No epidemiological studies have been performed in the US population on the use of dermatological topical prescription drugs, and their toxicosis to dogs and cats. Objectives Summarize the variety of dermatological topical prescriptions potentially used by pet owners in the United States (US), and describe the epidemiology of dog and cat exposures and toxicities. Animals/Subjects A dataset of 10,170 individuals from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) representative of 311,065,381 US residents. There were 61,169 dog and cat cases with exposure to dermatological topicals from the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA) Animal Poison Control Center (APCC) database. Methods and materials Prescription medication data were analyzed from NHANES 2011–2014 survey respondents. The APCC database was searched for records of dermatological topical drug cases between January 2001 and January 2018. Results Prescription dermatological topical medications were used by 1.33 ± 0.21% of the US population. Dermatological topical products (177, veterinary and human) resulted in 61,169 exposure calls to the APCC. Clinical signs developed in 38% (22,910). A human‐labelled product was involved in 15% (3,463) with 74% (2,545) involving a prescription product. Conclusions and clinical significance Pets in households with humans receiving dermatological prescription topicals may be at risk for toxicosis. Multiple human‐labelled dermatological topicals can cause death or major illness to dogs and cats at low dosages. Increased public awareness, especially attention to home storage practices for human‐labelled dermatological topicals, may reduce the risk of exposure and toxicosis to dogs and cats.

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Proton pump inhibitors are not the key for therapying non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs-induced small intestinal injury

2013

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The ability of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to injure the small intestine has been well established in humans and animals. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are frequently prescribed to reduce gastric and duodenal injury caused in high-risk patients taking NSAIDs. However, scarce information is available concerning the effects of PPIs on intestinal damage induced by NSAIDs, and the suppression of gastric acid secretion by PPIs is hard to provide any protection against the damage caused by NSAIDs in the small intestine. The present study was designed to examine the effects of intragastric treatment of two PPIs widely used in clinical practice, namely omeprazole and pantoprazole, on the intestinal damage induced by administration of diclofenac in rat. Male SD rats were treated with omeprazole or pantoprazole for 9 days, with concomitant treatment with anti-inflammatory doses of diclofenac on the final 5 days. The anatomical lesion, villous height, the thickness, and the section area of small intestine were quantitatively analyzed. The change of ultrastructural organization was observed. Endotoxin level in blood was measured by photometry. Epidermal growth factor was observed by immunohistochemistry. Omeprazole and pantoprazole didn't decrease the macroscopic and histologic damage induced by diclofenac in the rat's small intestine. In the two PPI groups, villous height was (89.6 ± 11.8 and 92.6 ± 19.3 μm) lower than which of the control group (P < 0.05). The thickness became thinning, and the section area became small. LPS levels in the portal blood of omeprazole and pantoprazole were (4.36 ± 1.26 and 4.25 ± 1.17 EU/ml), significantly higher than in controls (P < 0.05). The EFG of PPI group descended significantly compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Omeprazole and pantoprazole cannot protect the small intestine from the damage induced by diclofenac in the conscious rat. PPIs cannot repair NSAID-induced intestinal damage at least in part because of significant lesion in mechanical barrier function and reduction in epidermal growth factor.

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A comparative experimental study of the effects of diclofenac and ketoprofen on the small-bowel mucosa of canines

Cited by 7 publications

References 28 publications

Evidence of Reliable Gastro-Resistance of Novel Enteric Ready-to-Fill Capsules Simplifying Pharmaceutical Manufacturing

Evidence of Reliable Gastro-Resistance of Novel Enteric Ready-to-Fill Capsules Simplifying Pharmaceutical Manufacturing

Dermatological topical products used in the US population and their toxicity to dogs and cats

Proton pump inhibitors are not the key for therapying non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs-induced small intestinal injury

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