A Comparative Field Study of Crassostrea ariakensis and Crassostrea virginica in Relation to Salinity in Virginia

The lower Miocene Estancia 25 de Mayo Formation consists of shallowmarine to estuarine deposits that bear numerous oyster shell beds distributed throughout the succession. Facies analysis reveals that oysters grew in the nearshore paleoenvironments of both the lower Quién Sabe and the upper Bandurrias members. Two oyster species were identified: Crassostrea(?) hatcheri, distributed in the lower two thirds of the column, and Crassostrea orbignyi, distributed in the upper third of the column within the transition from marine to the fluvial deposits of the overlying Santa Cruz Formation. Petrographic, cathodoluminiscence, and carbon and oxygen stable isotope analyses of individual growth increments were performed on carbonate from all the oyster beds, together with consecutive time-series analyses for one specimen of each species. The isotopic composition of the shell seems to be associated with the microstructure of the growth increments. Selective diagenetic alteration affected chalky growth increments; whereas translucent (foliated and prismatic) growth increments are well preserved and can be used to infer paleoenvironmental conditions. Isotopic data indicate that C.(?) hatcheri lived in normal marine waters with a range of paleotemperatures from 10.6 to 20.5 6C. Monospecific beds of this oyster are related to opportunistic and quick colonization of the sea bottom. More negative d 13 C and d 18 O values in C. orbignyi shells likely reflect decreased paleosalinities, and the resultant environmental stress controlled the development of these low-diversity oyster accumulations. The separate stratigraphic distribution of each species was therefore determined by the paleoenvironmental conditions.

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Effect of Homogenate From Different Oyster Species on Perkinsus Marinus Proliferation and Subtilisin Gene Transcription

Brown¹,

Kaattari²,

Reece³

2005

Journal of Shellfish Research

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The modulation of Perkinsus marinus proliferation and subtilisin gene transcription by host (oyster) tissue was examined. Perkinsus marinus cells were cultured for 4 weeks in media supplemented with extract from either one of four different Crassostrea virginica stocks or with extract from one of two other Crassostrea species, C. ariakensis and C. gigas. After 4 weeks in culture, we determined cell counts and relative subtilisin gene transcription levels using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRTPCR). Cell proliferation and subtilisin gene transcription were significantly lower when P. marinus cells were grown in the presence of homogenate from any of the three oyster species than in unsupplemented media. Perkinsus marinus subtilisin gene transcription was also significantly lower in cells cultured in media supplemented with homogenate from either C. ariakensis or C. gigas, than in media containing extract from the native oyster host, C. virginica. Gene transcription levels among cells grown in media supplemented with homogenate from the different stocks of C. virginica were not significantly different from one another.

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A Comparative Field Study of Crassostrea ariakensis and Crassostrea virginica in Relation to Salinity in Virginia

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Biological and hydrodynamic design considerations for vertically oriented oyster grow out structures

Biological and hydrodynamic design considerations for vertically oriented oyster grow out structures

Insights Into the Distribution of Shallow-Marine to Estuarine Early Miocene Oysters From Southwestern Patagonia: Sedimentologic and Stable Isotope Constraints

Effect of Homogenate From Different Oyster Species on Perkinsus Marinus Proliferation and Subtilisin Gene Transcription

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