A comparative study of atmospheric Maxwell current and electric field from a low latitude station, Tirunelveli

Panneerselvam, C.; Nair, K. U.; Jeeva, K.; Selvaraj, C.; Gurubaran, S.; Rajaram, R. Κ.

doi:10.1186/bf03352476

Cited by 9 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The raw data sets reveal that the current density begins to rise at local sunrise at approximately 01:00 UT, and the normal daytime value is reached in less than 2 h after the sunrise. This feature is often referred to as the 'sunrise effect' (Muir, 1975;Panneerselvam et al, 2003). It is believed to be associated with the generation of a pre-dawn layer of positive charges close to the surface (the electrode effect) and the subsequent uplifting of the layer through upward convection generated by surface solar heating (Marshall et al, 1999).…”

Section: Diurnal Variation At Tirunelveli Indiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The time constant (RC) of the electric circuit is 1 s. In our experiment, we use a long-wire antenna of 144 m in length and 3 mm in diameter that would collect incoming charges from the atmosphere. The sensor is supported 1 m above the ground by means of masts that are electrically separated by Teflon rods (Panneerselvam et al, 2003). It is connected to an electrometer (AD 549) that has high-input impedance on the order of 10 9 and permits extremely low-input bias current (10 14 A).…”

Section: Experimental Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

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Diurnal variation of atmospheric Maxwell current over the low-latitude continental station, Tirunelveli, India (8.7°N, 77.8°E)

Panneerselvam¹,

Nair²,

Selvaraj³

et al. 2007

Earth Planet Sp

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Observations of atmospheric Maxwell current from the low-latitude continental station, Tirunelveli (8.7 • N, 77.8• E), over a period of 8 years are presented in this study. The horizontal long-wire antenna is used as a sensor for picking up charges from the atmosphere. The objectives of the present work have been to understand the antenna system in response to different meteorological conditions and on fairweather days. We define a fairweather day as a day when there is no snowfall/rainfall at the measuring site, when there are high clouds less than 3 octas throughout the day, and when the wind speed is less than 10 m s −1 . A sunrise effect is observed in the measured Maxwell current during fairweather days in all seasons. The measured current exhibits an increase that commences about 30 min before sunrise and lasts for nearly 1.5 h. The sunrise effect is found to be inhibited on days when there is pre-dawn convection and during the presence of rain, haze, or cloud cover. Barring the sunrise effect, the rest of the variations on fairweather day appear to follow a trend typical of the Carnegie curve. On clear cloudless conditions, reasonably good data are obtained during equinox and winter months but not in summer when strong winds associated with the onset of the southwest monsoon make the measurement of Maxwell current difficult and limited data are available.

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Section: Diurnal Variation At Tirunelveli Indiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

Diurnal variation of atmospheric Maxwell current over the low-latitude continental station, Tirunelveli, India (8.7°N, 77.8°E)

Panneerselvam¹,

Nair²,

Selvaraj³

et al. 2007

Earth Planet Sp

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“…At Pune, the sunrise effect (0430 UT) was more pronounced and this was attributed to aerosols, because of the time of occurrence (0900 LT) and given its tropical semi-urban industrial surroundings (Latha, 2003). At another tropical station, Tirunelveli, it was reported from 2 months of data that the sunrise effect was short lived while the evening maxima (1900 UT) was prolonged (Panneerselvam et al, 2003). For all stations mentioned in Table 1 except for Suva and Vostok, the measured peak around 1900 UT was in the local afternoon or evening, which overlaps with the peak in the respective regional thunderstorm activity.…”

Section: Comparison With Global Trendsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Tinsley et al, 2007). In spite of the long history of research in this field (Wilson, 1920), the causal mechanism for the variations in the Earth's electrical environment is not completely understood (Panneerselvam et al, 2003;Reddell et al, 2004). Possible reasons for this are, most of the atmospheric electrical measurements were episodic and the results were seldom complemented with the in situ meteorological data (Israelsson and Tammet, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface fair-weather potential gradient measurements from a small tropical island station Suva, Fiji

et al. 2009

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Systematic analysis of the surface fair-weather potential gradient (PG) measured for 13 months (July 2005-July 2006) at 10 s resolution over a small tropical island station Suva (18.08• S, 178.45• E), Fiji is presented. Based on the solar radiation (>800 W m −2 ) and surface wind speed (<4.5 m s −1 ) conditions, 63 fair-weather days were selected. After sorting the data into a range of 0-1000 V m −1 , the average PG was ∼139 V m −1 . The measured fair-weather PG had a semi-diurnal structure, with a more pronounced peak at 0730 LT (1930 UT) and a reduced peak at 2200 LT (1000 UT). The time of occurrence of the morning peak and the noontime minima agreed well with the Carnegie curve. However, the variation about the global mean in the measured PG was 150% whereas for the Carnegie curve it was only 35%. The effects of the local meteorological parameters on the PG measurements were found to be small. On average, the PG during the dry season (May-October) was always greater than in the wet season (November-April). In contrast, analysis of regional (0-60• S and 100• E-160• W) lightning activity on fair-weather days showed a peak at ∼2000 LT and higher lightning activity during the wet season. These results indicate that the regional thunderstorm activity has no direct connection with the local fair-weather PG at the site.

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“…The sensitivity of the digitized signal is 2.44 mV that will correspond to a current of 0.5 pA. The data are recorded at a sampling interval of one second (Panneerselvam et al, 2003).…”

Section: Description Of the Instrumentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Instrumentation for the surface measurements of atmospheric electrical parameters at Maitri, Antarctica: First results

Panneerselvam¹,

Kumar²,

Dhar

et al. 2010

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We are operating atmospheric electrical instruments like long wire antenna, electric eld meter, wire antenna and passive antenna for atmospheric Maxwell current, electric eld, conduction current and atmospheric potential gradient. This year (December 2008) we have installed Electric Field Meter (EFM-100) and wire antenna for measuring the atmospheric electric eld and conduction current. This instrument is deployed at Maitri, Antarctica and will be operated under any weather conditions like snow fall and strong blizzard etc. The study have been carried out during austral summer for the period of 2008 and 2009 at the Indian station, Maitri (70.75• S, 11.75• E, 117 m above mean sea level). The present work has been to understand the new instrument system in response to different meteorological conditions and on fairweather days. In this paper we have selected the data of the days during magnetically quiet period to minimize the upper atmospheric contribution. Fairweather' conditions, i.e., days with absence of high winds, drifting or falling snow and clouds. The diurnal variation curve of electric eld during fairweather days is a single periodic with a minimum at 04:00 UT and a maximum at 19:00 UT. But atmospheric current variation has minimum 03:00 UT for Maxwell current and conduction current. The maximum for Maxwell current is at 20:00 UT and 19:00 UT for the conduction current, which is very similar to the Carnegie curve. The measured electric eld from the Passive antenna and EFM-100 compared and is behaving similar variation. Using Maxwell current density and conduction current density we have separated the displacement current density.

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A comparative study of atmospheric Maxwell current and electric field from a low latitude station, Tirunelveli

Cited by 9 publications

References 8 publications

Diurnal variation of atmospheric Maxwell current over the low-latitude continental station, Tirunelveli, India (8.7°N, 77.8°E)

Diurnal variation of atmospheric Maxwell current over the low-latitude continental station, Tirunelveli, India (8.7°N, 77.8°E)

Surface fair-weather potential gradient measurements from a small tropical island station Suva, Fiji

Instrumentation for the surface measurements of atmospheric electrical parameters at Maitri, Antarctica: First results

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