A comparative study of direct fluorescent antibody, mouse inoculation, and tissue culture infection testing for rabies diagnoses

Rodrigues, A. C.; Marcusso, Rosa Maria Nascimento; Souza, de; Fahl, W. O.; Caporale, Graciane Maria Medeiros; Macedo, Carla Isabel; Castilho, Juliana Galera

doi:10.1016/j.jviromet.2021.114426

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Next, the mice were observed daily for 28 days. Any deaths occurring during the first 4 days were regarded as nonspecific, and every dead mouse after the 4th day was considered positive, and the brain was obtained and sent for the DFAT examination [ 17 , 18 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of Rabies Cases Received by the Shomal Pasteur Institute in Northern Iran: A 2-Year Study

et al. 2023

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The rabies virus, which belongs to the genus Lyssavirus, the family Rhabdoviridae, is the causative agent of rabies, a contagious, deadly, and progressive neurological infection. This illness is commonly distributed worldwide and affects all warm-blooded animals. Regarding the zoonotic aspects of rabies, the prevalence of rabies was investigated in this study. Over 2 years, 188 samples were examined via the direct fluorescent antibody test (DFAT) and mouse inoculation test (MIT) techniques by using brain tissue samples. Our findings showed that 73.94% of samples were rabies positive. The highest number of samples belonged to cows and dogs, respectively. The positivity rate in cows was 71.88%, followed by dogs with a 57.78% infection rate. These findings suggested that despite the heavy monitoring protocols in Iran, rabies is still a prevalent disease, and it is advised that vaccinations and screening programs should be carried out more frequently with heavier observation.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Following incubation, the smear was rinsed twice with distilled water after several minutes of being stored in PBS. Te stained samples were then analyzed under a fuorescent microscope (Motic AE30-31, Spain) for the presence of Negri bodies [15][16][17].…”

Section: Direct Fluorescent Antibody Test (Dfat)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Rabies Cases Received by the Shomal Pasteur Institute in Northern Iran: A 2-Year Study

et al. 2023

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“…Advances in molecular technology have greatly contributed to the diagnosis of rabies, including the direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) test [ 9 , 10 ], polymerase chain reaction (PCR) [ 11 ], and virus sequencing [ 12 , 13 ]. In our study, DFA and qPCR tests were implemented to diagnose rabies in dogs in the region of the Disease Investigation Center (DIC), Denpasar.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological and viral studies of rabies in Bali, Indonesia

Tenaya,

Suartha,

Suarsana

et al. 2023

Vet World

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Background and Aim: Rabies has been endemic in Bali since 2009, and cases has recently increased. Unfortunately, there is a lack of available vaccines, which hinders the eradication program. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological and virological aspects of rabies infection in Bali. Materials and Methods: A total of 24 brain samples were collected from rabid dogs in all districts of Bali. The samples were tested using the direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) test and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to confirm the presence of rabies virus in the samples. Samples with the highest virus content were propagated in vivo and then inoculated into BALB/c mice. The brains of dead mice were used to prepare an inoculate cultured in murine neuroblastoma cells. Supernatant-positive viruses representing each district were then reinoculated into eight groups of five BALB/c mice. A brain sample from each dead mouse was tested using DFA and PCR and detected under a fluorescence microscope. Results: All rabies virus-positive samples collected from rabid dogs in all districts of Bali were positive. Rabies virus was detected by DFA test and PCR and was consistently confirmed in the in vivo and in vitro studies. BALB/c mice inoculated with the highest viral dilution (105 cells/mL) of culture supernatant showed typical signs of rabies, indicating that the virus could be properly investigated. Conclusion: This study demonstrated a wide epidemiological distribution of rabies in Bali. The obtained virus can be adapted for in vitro and in vivo studies and can be used to develop a homologous vaccine. Keywords: Bali, dogs, polymerase chain reaction, rabies virus.

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“…Fluorescent antibody tests are utilized for both human and animal sample types to detect viral antigens early using brain swabs or touch impressions ( Mani and Madhusudana, 2013 ). The suggested diagnostic technique for animals is the direct fluorescent antibody test (dFAT) ( Rodrigues et al , 2022 ). This examination looks for the rabies antigen in brain tissue ( Prabhu et al , 2018 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracking lethal threat: In-depth review of rabies

Khairullah,

Kurniawan,

Hasib

et al. 2023

Open Vet J

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An infectious disease known as rabies (family Rhabdoviridae, genus Lyssavirus) causes severe damage to mammals’ central nervous systems (CNS). This illness has been around for a very long time. The majority of human cases of rabies take place in underdeveloped regions of Africa and Asia. Following viral transmission, the Rhabdovirus enters the peripheral nervous system and proceeds to the CNS, where it targets the encephalon and produces encephalomyelitis. Postbite prophylaxis requires laboratory confirmation of rabies in both people and animals. All warm-blooded animals can transmit the Lyssavirus infection, while the virus can also develop in the cells of cold-blooded animals. In the 21st century, more than 3 billion people are in danger of contracting the rabies virus in more than 100 different nations, resulting in an annual death toll of 50,000–59,000. There are three important elements in handling rabies disease in post exposure prophylaxis (PEP), namely wound care, administration of anti-rabies serum, and anti-rabies vaccine. Social costs include death, lost productivity as a result of early death, illness as a result of vaccination side effects, and the psychological toll that exposure to these deadly diseases has on people. Humans are most frequently exposed to canine rabies, especially youngsters and the poor, and there are few resources available to treat or prevent exposure, making prevention of human rabies challenging.

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A comparative study of direct fluorescent antibody, mouse inoculation, and tissue culture infection testing for rabies diagnoses

Cited by 8 publications

References 17 publications

Comparison of Rabies Cases Received by the Shomal Pasteur Institute in Northern Iran: A 2-Year Study

Comparison of Rabies Cases Received by the Shomal Pasteur Institute in Northern Iran: A 2-Year Study

Epidemiological and viral studies of rabies in Bali, Indonesia

Tracking lethal threat: In-depth review of rabies

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