A comparative study of far-field tsunami amplitudes and ocean-wide propagation properties: insight from major trans-Pacific tsunamis of 2010–2015

Heidarzadeh, Mohammad; Satake, Kenji; Takagawa, Tomohiro; Rabinovich, Alexander B.; Kusumoto, Shigekazu

doi:10.1093/gji/ggy265

Cited by 9 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Linear models cannot simulate inundation and become unreliable if the wave amplitude is a significant fraction of the water depth, but are widely used to force nonlinear coastal inundation models using one-way or two-way nesting (e.g., Tang et al, 2009;Baba et al, 2014;Borrero et al, 2015a). Tsunami propagation models at ocean-basin scales also often neglect friction, which has little effect on deep ocean tsunami simulations for a few hours post-arrival (Tang et al, 2012;Fujii and Satake, 2013;Allgeyer and Cummins, 2014;Baba et al, 2017;Heidarzadeh et al, 2018;Davies, 2019). However the frictionless shallow water equations are energy conservative, assuming smooth solutions, which mathematically implies the tsunami persists forever (Arakawa and Hsu, 1990;Fjordholm et al, 2011;Tang et al, 2012).…”

Section: S(x T)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Dissipation Models for Simulating Tsunamis at Far-Field Coasts up to 60 hours Post-Earthquake: Multi-Site Tests in Australia

Davies¹,

Romano²,

Lorito³

2020

Front. Earth Sci.

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At far-field coasts the largest tsunami waves may occur many hours post-arrival, and hazardous waves may persist for more than 1 day. Such tsunamis are often simulated by nesting high-resolution nonlinear shallow water models (covering sites of interest) within low-resolution reduced-physics global-scale models (to efficiently simulate propagation). These global models often ignore friction and are mathematically energy conservative, so in theory the modeled tsunami will persist indefinitely. In contrast, real tsunamis exhibit slow dissipation at the global-scale with an energy e-folding time of approximately 1 day. How strongly do these global-scale approximations affect nearshore tsunamis simulated at farfield coasts? To investigate this we compare modeled and observed tsunamis at sixteen nearshore tide-gauges in Australia, generated by the following earthquakes:

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Section: S(x T)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Dissipation Models for Simulating Tsunamis at Far-Field Coasts up to 60 hours Post-Earthquake: Multi-Site Tests in Australia

Davies¹,

Romano²,

Lorito³

2020

Front. Earth Sci.

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“…Calculations of the phase speed reported in literature (i.e. refs 5,27 as shown in Fig. 1d) overestimate observations, with a discrepancy reaching 30 minutes for waves with 90 min period in some regions 15000 km away from the source and close to South America (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…Consequently, the time series at far field observatories are shifted in order to match arrival of waveforms extracted from these models and observations (see Figs 1d and 2 of ref. 5 and Fig. 3 of ref.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Effect of Water Compressibility, Sea-floor Elasticity, and Field Gravitational Potential on Tsunami Phase Speed

Abdolali

Kadri

Kirby

2019

Sci Rep

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Tsunamis can propagate thousands of kilometres across the ocean. Precise calculations of arrival times are essential for reliable early warning systems, determination of source and earth properties using the inverse problem, and time series modulation due to frequency dependency of phase speed. Far field observatories show a systematic discrepancy between observed and calculated arrival times. Models in present use and based on incompressible hydrodynamics and interaction with a rigid ocean floor overestimate the phase speed of tsunamis, leading to arrival time differences exceeding tens of minutes. These models neglect the simultaneous effects of the slight compressibility of water, sea-bed elasticity, and static compression of the ocean under gravity, hereinafter gravity. Here, we show that taking these effects into account results in more accurate phase speeds and travel times that agree with observations. Moreover, the semi-analytical model that we propose can be employed near real-time, which is essential for early warning inverse models and mitigation systems that rely on accurate phase speed calculations.

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“…Penelitian yang menghubungkan zona generasi dan zona propagasi melalui relasi matematis antara magnitudo momen 𝑀 w atau momen seismik 𝑀 o gempa pemicu tsunami dan tinggi gelombang terukur sebagai amplitudo tsunami 𝜂 di laut lepas belum begitu banyak. Namun, kedua parameter gempa-tsunami tersebut dipelajari dalam konteks gempa yang memicu perambatan tsunami lintas Samudera Pasifik (Okal et al, 2014;Heidarzadeh et al, 2018).…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

“…Dengan melihat relasi matematis antara 𝑀 w dan 𝑀 o pada persamaan (3) serta 𝜂 dan 𝑀 o pada persamaan (4), Heidarzadeh et al (2018) kemudian menggunakan empat kasus tsunami trans-Pasifik untuk menurunkan persamaan empiris yang menghubungkan 𝑀 w dan 𝜂 sebagai berikut, 𝑀 w = 0,665 log 𝜂 + 8,245…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

Analisis Relasi Antara Magnitudo Momen Gempa Tektonik Dan Amplitudo Maksimum Tsunami Untuk Kasus Tsunami Lintas Samudera Pasifik Dan Tsunami Indonesia

Bariyah¹,

Prastowo²

2020

IFI

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Abstrak Gempa tektonik dan tsunami merupakan bencana kebumian paling berbahaya bila dilihat dari dampak kerusakan dan cakupan wilayah terdampak. Meskipun termasuk penting namun sampai saat ini belum banyak penelitian yang menganalisis relasi antara magnitudo momen gempa dan amplitudo maksimum tsunami. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan dan menganalisis persamaan empiris yang mendiskripsikan hubungan antara magnitudo momen gempa dan amplitudo maksimum tsunami dengan bantuan 7 kasus tsunami lintas Samudera Pasifik (Kuril, Rusia 2006, Selandia Baru 2009, Maule, Chili 2010, Tohoku, Jepang 2011, Solomon 2013, Iquique, Chili 2014, dan Illapel, Chili 2015) dan 6 kasus tsunami di Indonesia, (Aceh 2004, Sumatera 2007, Sumatera 2010, Mentawai 2010, Sumatera 2012, dan Sumatera 2016). Data penelitian merupakan data sekunder yang diperoleh dari instrumen ukur pemantau tsunami DART buoys dan tide gauges yang dapat diakses di https://nctr.pmel.noaa.gov/database_devel.html dan http://ngdc.noaa.gov yang dikelola dan dikontrol oleh National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) dan http://ptwc.weather.gov/ yang dikelola oleh Pacific Tsunami Warning Centre (PTWC). Hasil-hasil penelitian dalam bentuk persamaan empiris relasi antara dan untuk 7 kasus tsunami trans-Pasifik (far-field observations) adalah sedangkan untuk kasus 6 tsunami di Indonesia (both near-field and far-field observations), . Perbedaan faktor pengali fungsi logaritmik pada kedua persamaam empiris tersebut karena perbedaan kompleksitas topografi dan batimetri lautan dan variasi perilaku perambatan gelombang tsunami pada tsunami directivity yang berbeda antara Samudera Pasifik dan Samudera Hindia. Temuan penting penelitian ini adalah kedua persamaan empiris tersebut menunjukkan bahwa magnitudo momen gempa pemicu tsunami merupakan fungsi logaritmik dari amplitudo maksimum tsunami yang sesuai dengan temuan penelitian terdahulu. Kata Kunci: magnitudo momen gempa, amplitudo maksimum tsunami, tsunami trans-Pasifik Abstract Tectonic earthquakes and tsunamis are the most dangerous geological hazards considering damaging impacts on living things, human properties, and affected areas. Despite its importance, little is known about a relationship between earthquake moment magnitude and tsunami maximum amplitude. Hence, this study aims to find and analyse empirical equations relating earthquake sizes measured as moment magnitudes to tsunami maximum amplitudes for cases of 7 trans-Pacific occurrences (the 2006 Kuril, Russian, 2009 New Zealand, 2010 Maule, Chili, 2011 Tohoku, Japan, 2013 Solomon, 2014 Iquique, Chili, and 2015 Illapel, Chili events) and 6 Indonesian tsunamis (the 2004 Indian Ocean, 2007 Sumatera, 2010 Sumatera, 2010 Mentawai, 2012 Sumatera, and 2016 Sumatera events). Data in this study were acquired from field measurements by tsunami monitoring instrument (DART surface buoys and tide gauges) available at https://nctr.pmel.noaa.gov/database_devel.html and http://ngdc.noaa.gov officially operated by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and http://ptwc.weather.gov/ officialy managed by the Pacific Tsunami Warning Centre (PTWC). The research results in terms of empirical relations between the moment magnitude and the tsunami maximum amplitude for 7 trans-Pacific tsunami events at distant observations are then provided by whereas for the Indonesian tsunamis monitored at both near-field and far-field observations, . The difference in the multiplying factor of the logarithmic function in each equation is due to differences in complexity in the ocean topography and bathymetri between the Pacific and Indian Oceans as well as the nature of tsunami wave propagation for different tsunami directivities in the two Oceans. The findings are such that the moment magnitude scaled with is found to be a logarithmic function of the tsunami maximum amplitude for both regions of interest, consistent with that of previous work. Keywords: earthquake moment magnitude, tsunami maximum amplitude, trans-Pacific tsunamis.

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A comparative study of far-field tsunami amplitudes and ocean-wide propagation properties: insight from major trans-Pacific tsunamis of 2010–2015

Cited by 9 publications

References 35 publications

Global Dissipation Models for Simulating Tsunamis at Far-Field Coasts up to 60 hours Post-Earthquake: Multi-Site Tests in Australia

Global Dissipation Models for Simulating Tsunamis at Far-Field Coasts up to 60 hours Post-Earthquake: Multi-Site Tests in Australia

Effect of Water Compressibility, Sea-floor Elasticity, and Field Gravitational Potential on Tsunami Phase Speed

Analisis Relasi Antara Magnitudo Momen Gempa Tektonik Dan Amplitudo Maksimum Tsunami Untuk Kasus Tsunami Lintas Samudera Pasifik Dan Tsunami Indonesia

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