A comparative study of nested-PCR and direct agglutination test (DAT) for the detection of Leishmania infantum infection in symptomatic and asymptomatic domestic dogs

Yimam, Yonas; Mohebali, Mehdi; Hajjaran, Homa; Akhoundi, Behnaz; Shojaee, Saeedeh; Rahimiforoushani, Abbas; Afshar, Mohammad Javad Abbaszadeh; Zarei, Zabihollah

doi:10.1186/s13104-021-05654-0

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…This study identified CL vectors using Nested-PCR. This method is widely used by many researchers in Iran and other countries as an alternative method for the detection of Leishmania and other protozoa (13,(20)(21)(22)(23)(24). Based on our findings, the prevalence of leishmaniasis has increased in Alborz province in recent years, which is consistent with the findings of previous studies in other regions (13,23).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Molecular Identification of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Vectors in Alborz Province, North of Iran

2023

ARI

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Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a vector-borne disease widely distributed in tropical and subtropical areas of North and South America, Europe, Asia, and Africa. Considering the increasing number of CL cases in recent years and the fact that no study has been conducted to identify CL fauna and vectors in Alborz province, this study was carried out to identify sand flies and CL vectors in this region. Sand flies were collected from August to October 2021 from plain and mountainous indoor and outdoor areas of the region using sticky paper traps and were detected morphologically. DNA was extracted from the midguts of female sand flies. In this study, 1157 sand flies were collected and identified. The number of sand flies caught from indoor and outdoor places was 367 (31.72%) and 790 (68.28%), respectively. Overall, six species of flies were of the genus Phlebotomus (Raynal, 1937), including Phlebotomus papatasi (P. papatasi, 695 [60.07%]; Scopoli, 1786), P. kandelakii (13 [1.12%]; Shchurenkova, 1926), P. sergenti (232 [20.05%]; Parrot, 1917), P. major (14 [1.21%]; Annandale, 1910), P. caucasicus (4 [0.35%]; Marzinowsky, 1917), P. alexandri (18 [1.56%]; Alexandri Sinton, 1920), and four were of the genus Sergentomyia (Artemiev, 1978), including Sergentomyia tiberiadis (109 [9.42%]; Adler, Theodor & Lourie, 1930), Sergentomyia baghdadis (53 [4.58%]), Sergentomyia sintoni (14 [1.21%]; Sintoni Pringle, 1933), Sergentomyia clydei (5 [0.43%]). P. papatasi spp. were dominant in indoor and outdoor places, with a prevalence of 695 (60.07%). The Leishmania major (L. major) gene was identified in five samples of P. papatasi spp. This suggests that P. papatasi is the potential vector spp. in the study area. Moreover, L. major was confirmed as the aetiological agent of CL cases in Alborz province. The identification of vectors and parasite spp. is very important for the treatment and operational planning of disease vectors.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Molecular Identification of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Vectors in Alborz Province, North of Iran

2023

ARI

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“…These data in humans were already highlighted in other studies [ 17 , 20 , 28 ]. Some studies found that age has an influence on asymptomatic status in humans [ 17 , 28 , 42 , 44 ]. The absence of differences regarding age in our human population may be explained by the median age of 52 years related to a rather long exposure to the bite of a potentially infected phlebotomine sand fly.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asymptomatic Leishmania infantum infection in dogs and dog owners in an endemic area in southeast France

Hide,

Michel,

Legueult

et al. 2024

Parasite

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The prevalence of asymptomatic leishmaniasis in dogs and their owners in the main endemic areas of France has not been studied to date. The objective of this study was to quantify asymptomatic Leishmania infantum infection in southeast France in healthy people and their dogs using molecular and serological screening techniques. We examined the presence of parasitic DNA using specific PCR targeting kinetoplast DNA (kDNA) and specific antibodies by serology (ELISA for dogs and Western blot for humans) among immunocompetent residents and their dogs in the Alpes-Maritimes. Results from 343 humans and 607 dogs were included. 46.9% (n = 161/343) of humans and 18.3% (n = 111/607) of dogs were PCR positive; 40.2% of humans (n = 138/343) and 9.9% of dogs (n = 60/607) were serology positive. Altogether, 66.2% of humans (n = 227) and 25.7% of dogs (n = 156) had positive serologies and/or positive PCR test results. Short-haired dogs were more frequently infected (71.8%, n = 112) than long-haired dogs (12.2%, n = 19) (p = 0.043). Dogs seemed to be more susceptible to asymptomatic infection according to their breed types (higher infection rates in scenthounds, gun dogs and herding dogs) (p = 0.04). The highest proportion of dogs and human asymptomatic infections was found in the Vence Region, corresponding to 28.2% (n = 20/71) of dogs and 70.5% (n = 31/44) of humans (4.5/100,000 people). In conclusion, the percentage of infections in asymptomatic humans is higher than in asymptomatic dogs in the studied endemic area. It is questionable whether asymptomatic infection in humans constitutes a risk factor for dogs.

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“…The diagnosis of CanL is complex, and it combines, besides compatible history and clinical signs, serological, molecular, and parasitological methods [7,29,[37][38][39]. Clinical staging, either following the LeishVet guidelines for the practical management of CanL [7] or the guidelines for the treatment of leishmaniasis in dogs [40], is also a very useful tool, especially during patient monitoring [41], as clinical evolution can have an impact on the prognosis and influence the efficacy of a particular treatment protocol.…”

Section: Canine Leishmaniosis and Associated Immune Responses 1canine Leishmaniosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional Modulation of the Immune Response Mediated by Nucleotides in Canine Leishmaniosis

Segarra

2021

Microorganisms

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Leishmaniasis is an emerging, uncontrolled, and neglected zoonotic disease. Climate change is contributing to its ongoing global expansion. The dog is the main reservoir; hence the importance of implementing effective treatment, prevention, and control measures in this animal species to protect public health. However, although the standard treatment for canine leishmaniosis (CanL) is effective, it does not provide full parasitological clearance, and side effects and drug resistance have been described. The host’s immune system plays a key role in the establishment and evolution of leishmaniasis. Dietary nucleotides modulate the immune response and, given their reported efficacy and safety in sick and clinically healthy Leishmania-infected dogs and because they represent a sustainable option with no associated side effects or resistance, they could be included within the prevention, treatment, and control strategies for leishmaniasis. This article briefly summarizes the scientific literature on CanL management, including unresolved issues, and reviews the scientific evidence on immunomodulatory effects of dietary nucleotides in different animal species. It also proposes a CanL management algorithm, including nucleotides. It is concluded that nutritional modulation of the immune response with nucleotides can contribute to better management of leishmaniasis following a One Health approach, especially in the COVID-19 era.

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A comparative study of nested-PCR and direct agglutination test (DAT) for the detection of Leishmania infantum infection in symptomatic and asymptomatic domestic dogs

Cited by 6 publications

References 30 publications

Molecular Identification of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Vectors in Alborz Province, North of Iran

Molecular Identification of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Vectors in Alborz Province, North of Iran

Asymptomatic Leishmania infantum infection in dogs and dog owners in an endemic area in southeast France

Nutritional Modulation of the Immune Response Mediated by Nucleotides in Canine Leishmaniosis

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