A Comparative Study of Pituitary Volume  Variations in  MRI  in Acute Onset of  Psychiatric Conditions

Soni, Brijesh Kumar; Joish, Upendra Kumar; Sahni, Hirdesh; George, Richard A.; Sivasankar, Rajeev; Aggarwal, Rohit

doi:10.7860/jcdr/2017/23585.9330

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Nordholm et al published a systematic review and meta-analysis on pituitary gland volume showing that the onset of psychosis, more than the high-risk state, is associated with an enlargement of the pituitary gland and that this is independent of antipsychotics [ 30 ]. On the other hand, pituitary size may be influenced by age and gender [ 32 ], so that subjects in juvenile age (puberal and post-puberal stage) and female in gender may be more easy to have an increase of pituitary gland volume and activation during the early stage of psychosis [ 32 , 33 ]. All these evidences give more consistency to our finding of HPRL in acute phase of FEP more than in CHR subjects, so we suggest that neurobiological abnormalities related to the acute phase of full emergence of psychotic symptoms in adolescent patients may be involved in dysregulation of PRL secretion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyperprolactinemia and insulin resistance in drug naive patients with early onset first episode psychosis

et al. 2018

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BackgroundHyperprolactinemia and glucose and lipid metabolism abnormalities are often found in patients with schizophrenia and are generally considered secondary to the use of antipsychotic drugs. More recent studies have shown these same neuroendocrine and metabolic abnormalities in antipsychotic naïve patients with first episode psychosis (FEP), rising the hypothesis that schizophrenia itself may be related to an abnormal regulation of prolactin secretion and to impaired glucose tolerance. The aim of this study was to compare prolactin levels, glycometabolism parameters and lipid profile between a sample of 31 drug-naive adolescents in the acute phase of FEP and a control group of 23 subjects at clinical high risk (CHR) of developing psychosis.MethodsThe assessment involved anthropometric data (weight, height, BMI index, pubertal stage) and blood tests (levels of glucose, glycated hemoglobin, serum insulin, triglycerides, total and fractionated cholesterol, prolactin). Insulin resistance (IR) was calculated through the homeostatic model of assessment (HOMA-IR), assuming a cut-off point of 3.16 for adolescent population. FEP patients and CHR controls were compared by using Student’s t-distribution (t-test) for parametric data. P < 0.05 was considered significant.ResultsSignificant higher level of prolactin was found in FEP group than in CHR group (mean = 28.93 ± 27.16 vs 14.29 ± 7.86, P = 0.009), suggesting a condition of hyperprolactinemia (HPRL). Patients with FEP were more insulin resistant compared to patients at CHR, as assessed by HOMA-IR (mean = 3.07 ± 1.76 vs 2.11 ± 1.11, P = 0.043). Differences of fasting glucose (FEP = 4.82 ± 0.71, CHR = 4.35 ± 0.62, P = 0.016) and HbA1c (FEP = 25.86 ± 13.31, CHR = 33.00 ± 2.95, P = 0.013), were not clinically significant as the mean values were within normal range for both groups. No significant differences were found for lipid profile. A BMI value within the range of normal weight was found for both groups, with no significant differences.ConclusionWe suggested that HPRL, increase in HOMA-IR, and psychotic symptoms may be considered different manifestations of the acute onset of schizophrenia spectrum psychosis, with a common neurobiological vulnerability emerging since adolescence. The influence of age and gender on clinical manifestations of psychotic onset should be considered for early prevention and treatment of both schizophrenia spectrum psychosis and neuroendocrine-metabolic dysfunctions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyperprolactinemia and insulin resistance in drug naive patients with early onset first episode psychosis

et al. 2018

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“…While the anterior lobe appears as isointense, the posterior lobe appears as a hyperintense “bright spot” thought to reflect the functional storage of vasopressin within neurosecretory granules (Bonneville et al., 2006; Kurokawa et al., 1998). This has set the boundary in the few studies that have measured anterior and posterior volumes separately (e.g., Di Iorgi et al., 2012; Soni et al., 2017). No published studies, however, have explored the associations between ELS and anterior (aPGV) versus posterior PGV (pPGV).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between early life stress and anterior pituitary gland volume development – A novel index of long‐term hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis functioning

Díaz-Arteche

Simmons

Ganella

et al. 2020

Developmental Psychobiology

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Previous research has established associations between early life stress (ELS) and altered pituitary gland volume (PGV) growth during adolescence. The pituitary gland, however, is composed of an anterior and a posterior lobe with distinct histological and neuroendocrinological properties. While the anterior (but not posterior) pituitary gland is directly involved in the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis (HPAA) stress response, no studies have examined the effects of ELS on anterior PGV (aPGV). The present study investigated whether previously reported associations between ELS and PGV development during adolescence were driven by aPGV versus posterior PGV (pPGV). Ninety‐one adolescents (49 males) were included from a longitudinal, community‐based adolescent development study investigating risk for psychopathology. ELS (maternal affective behavior, childhood maltreatment, stressful life events) was assessed during early adolescence. Participants underwent two waves of structural magnetic resonance imaging during mid‐ and late‐adolescence, and aPGV and pPGV were manually traced. Regression analyses showed that childhood maltreatment predicted greater aPGV growth in females. This finding was stronger than that previously reported for PGV. No associations were found between ELS and pPGV development. Neither aPGV nor pPGV changes mediated associations between ELS and psychopathology. Results suggest that ELS may accelerate aPGV (but not pPGV) growth throughout adolescence. Investigating the development of aPGV, rather than PGV, represents a novel approach to studying the effects of stress on HPAA functioning.

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“…Shah et al (2015) also observed larger baseline pituitary gland volume in individuals at familial risk of psychosis who later developed psychosis. Those findings suggest a greater vulnerability of the pituitary gland function in the early stages of the illness (Klomp et al, 2012;Soni et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Enlarged pituitary gland volume: a possible state rather than trait marker of psychotic disorders

Guimond,

Alftieh,

Devenyi

et al. 2024

Psychol. Med.

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Background Enlarged pituitary gland volume could be a marker of psychotic disorders. However, previous studies report conflicting results. To better understand the role of the pituitary gland in psychosis, we examined a large transdiagnostic sample of individuals with psychotic disorders. Methods The study included 751 participants (174 with schizophrenia, 114 with schizoaffective disorder, 167 with psychotic bipolar disorder, and 296 healthy controls) across six sites in the Bipolar-Schizophrenia Network on Intermediate Phenotypes consortium. Structural magnetic resonance images were obtained, and pituitary gland volumes were measured using the MAGeT brain algorithm. Linear mixed models examined between-group differences with controls and among patient subgroups based on diagnosis, as well as how pituitary volumes were associated with symptom severity, cognitive function, antipsychotic dose, and illness duration. Results Mean pituitary gland volume did not significantly differ between patients and controls. No significant effect of diagnosis was observed. Larger pituitary gland volume was associated with greater symptom severity (F = 13.61, p = 0.0002), lower cognitive function (F = 4.76, p = 0.03), and higher antipsychotic dose (F = 5.20, p = 0.02). Illness duration was not significantly associated with pituitary gland volume. When all variables were considered, only symptom severity significantly predicted pituitary gland volume (F = 7.54, p = 0.006). Conclusions Although pituitary volumes were not increased in psychotic disorders, larger size may be a marker associated with more severe symptoms in the progression of psychosis. This finding helps clarify previous inconsistent reports and highlights the need for further research into pituitary gland-related factors in individuals with psychosis.

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A Comparative Study of Pituitary Volume Variations in MRI in Acute Onset of Psychiatric Conditions

Cited by 4 publications

References 17 publications

Hyperprolactinemia and insulin resistance in drug naive patients with early onset first episode psychosis

Hyperprolactinemia and insulin resistance in drug naive patients with early onset first episode psychosis

Associations between early life stress and anterior pituitary gland volume development – A novel index of long‐term hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis functioning

Enlarged pituitary gland volume: a possible state rather than trait marker of psychotic disorders

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