The dynamic response of structures under strong ground motion is a crucial information to study and analyze the seismic performance of structures. The dynamic response of the structure to earthquake action is an important foundation for analyzing and evaluating the structure’s seismic performance. For structures having design information, finite element numerical simulation can be calculated to assess the target building’s structural dynamic response. However, because a finite element model cannot be established for a structure without detailed design information, the dynamic response of the structure cannot be calculated by finite element numerical simulation. Therefore, this paper will develop a structural response prediction model based on the transfer function and use the prediction model to determine the structure’s dynamic reaction. The obtained structural reaction prediction values are equivalent to the numerical simulation estimates, according to the prediction results. The purpose of this paper is to present a new analytical method for assessing the structural response of buildings in the lack of design data.