A comparative study of the anticoagulant activities of eleven fucoidans

Polysaccharides from macroalgae: Recent advances, innovative technologies and challenges in extraction and purification

“…After the process of extraction, the polysaccharides are dissolved in a rich mixture (with variable monosaccharide composition and sulphate contents), together with small amounts of proteins and phenolic compounds that could also display several beneficial biological activities both in vitro and in vivo (Ale, Mikkelsen, et al, 2011b). Before the bioactivity tests, the polysaccharide mixture usually undertakes one or more processes of purification to further enrich the extracts with the polysaccharides of interest (J in et al, 2013;P. Wang et al, 2012).…”

“…The anticoagulant and antithrombotic activities in vitro of macroalgal polysaccharides have been predominantly related to the structure and the dregree of sulphation of the polysaccharide (Silva et al, 2010;Wijesinghe & Jeon, 2012). O-sulphated 3-linked αgalactans and 3-O-sulphation at C-3 of 4-α-L-fucose-1 → units (in fucoidan) is mainly responsible for its anticoagulant activity (Dore et al, 2013;Jin et al, 2013;Wijesinghe & Jeon, 2012). These sulphate linked sugar units increased the inhibition of factors Xa, IIa and thrombin with the help of antithrombin and heparin cofactor II in blood coagulation intrinsic pathway (Jin et al, 2013;Wijesekara et al, 2011).…”

“…O-sulphated 3-linked αgalactans and 3-O-sulphation at C-3 of 4-α-L-fucose-1 → units (in fucoidan) is mainly responsible for its anticoagulant activity (Dore et al, 2013;Jin et al, 2013;Wijesinghe & Jeon, 2012). These sulphate linked sugar units increased the inhibition of factors Xa, IIa and thrombin with the help of antithrombin and heparin cofactor II in blood coagulation intrinsic pathway (Jin et al, 2013;Wijesekara et al, 2011). There are many extraction and purification techniques available to achieve laminarin and fucoidan with different purity levels.…”

“…These macroalgal polysaccharides, particularly fucoidan and laminarin, show a wide range of biological activities such as antiinflammatory, antimicrobial, anticoagulant, antiadhesive, antioxidant, antiviral, antipeptic, antitumour, antiapoptosis, antiproliferative and immunostimulatory in in vitro and in vivo model systems (Cong et al, 2016;Jin, Zhang, Wang, & Zhang, 2013;Lim et al, 2014;Menshova et al, 2015;Moroney, O'Grady, O'Doherty, & Kerry, 2012;Ngo, Wijesekara, Vo, Van Ta, & Kim, 2011;Roohinejad et al, 2016;Smith et al, 2011) A representation of the chemical structure of laminarin from Laminaria digitata proposed by Adamo et al (2011) is presented in Figure 1. Laminarin was described as 1,3-linked β-dglucose residues with different degrees of branching at β-(1,6) that influence the water solubility of the molecules (Rioux, Turgeon, & Beaulieu, 2010).…”

The Pharmacokinetics of Fucoidan after Topical Application to Rats

“…Fucoidan is a promising natural anticoagulant. It has shown significant heparin-like anticoagulant activity [17][18][19][20]. Effective inhibition of thrombin and factor Xa by fucoidan from F. evanescens has been described by Lapikova et al [21].…”