A comparative study of thin-section CT findings between seasonal influenza virus pneumonia and<i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>pneumonia

Ono, Asami; Okada, Fumito; Takata, Shoko; Hiramatsu, Kazufumi; Ando, Yumiko; Nakayama, Tomoko; Maeda, Takeyasu; Mori, Hiromu

doi:10.1259/bjr.20140051

Cited by 22 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Although there is no strong association between the radiographic patterns and the causative agents, 29,30 consolidation is more frequently observed in pneumococcal pneumonia. 31 Accordingly, the lowest rates of consolidation were observed in the PV and BV groups in this study, suggesting that pneumococcal vaccination may have had some preventive effect for pneumococcal pneumonia, or may have resulted in milder forms of radiographic presentation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Pneumococcal and influenza vaccination status of hospitalized adults with community acquired pneumonia and the effects of vaccination on clinical presentation

Cetinoglu

Uzaslan

Sayıner

et al. 2017

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Pneumococcal and influenza vaccination status of hospitalized adults with community acquired pneumonia and the effects of vaccination on clinical presentation

Cetinoglu

Uzaslan

Sayıner

et al. 2017

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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“…Third, although infection is considered the most common cause of consolidation in the acute setting, 29 and >90% of subjects who develop consolidation have either bacterial or viral pneumonia, 30 it has been demonstrated that in certain cases and with certain organisms, ground glass opacities and nodules may be present. 31 , 32 Thus, our proposed CRP cutoff point may be most useful in discriminating pulmonary infections associated with consolidations on CT scans and may not apply for infections that induce nodularity or ground glass opacities as the predominant pattern. Fourth, arterial blood gases were not routinely collected in this study, and thus the contribution of hypoxemia to the elevation of NT-proBNP concentrations could not explored.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotyping COPD exacerbations using imaging and blood-based biomarkers

Alotaibi¹,

Chen²,

Hollander³

et al. 2018

COPD

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RationaleAcute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) are caused by a variety of different etiologic agents. Our aim was to phenotype COPD exacerbations using imaging (chest X-ray [CXR] and computed tomography [CT]) and to determine the possible role of the blood tests (C-reactive protein [CRP], the N-terminal prohormone brain natriuretic peptide [NT-proBNP]) as diagnostic biomarkers.Materials and methodsSubjects who were hospitalized with a primary diagnosis of AECOPD and who had had CXRs, CT scans, and blood collection for CRP and NT-proBNP were assessed in this study. Radiologist blinded to the clinical and laboratory characteristics of the subjects interpreted their CXRs and CT images. ANOVA and Spearman’s correlation were performed to test for associations between these imaging parameters and the blood-based biomarkers NT-proBNP and CRP; logistic regression models were used to assess the performance of these biomarkers in predicting the radiological parameters.ResultsA total of 309 subjects were examined for this study. Subjects had a mean age of 65.6±11.1 years, 66.7% of them were males, and 62.4% were current smokers, with a mean FEV1 54.4%±21.5% of predicted. Blood NT-proBNP concentrations were associated with cardiac enlargement (area under the curve [AUC] =0.72, P<0.001), pulmonary edema (AUC =0.63, P=0.009), and pleural effusion on CXR (AUC =0.64, P=0.01); whereas on CT images, NT-proBNP concentrations were associated with pleural effusion (AUC =0.71, P=0.002). Serum CRP concentrations, on the other hand, were associated with consolidation on CT images (AUC =0.75, P<0.001), ground glass opacities (AUC =0.64, P=0.028), and pleural effusion (AUC =0.72, P<0.001) on CT images. A serum CRP sensitivity-oriented cutoff point of 11.5 mg/L was selected for the presence of consolidation on CT images in subjects admitted as cases of AECOPD, which has a sensitivity of 91% and a specificity of 53% (P<0.001).ConclusionElevated CRP may indicate the presence of pneumonia, while elevated NT-proBNP may indicate cardiac dysfunction. These readily available blood-based biomarkers may provide more accurate phenotyping of AECOPD and enable the discovery of more precise therapies.

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“…Spn infection almost always follows a viral upper respiratory infection (URI). Therefore animal co-infection models have been used to study co-pathogenesis of Spn with viruses such as human influenza virus, [42][43][44][45][46][47] respiratory syncytial virus, 48 adenovirus, 49,50 metapneumovirus, 51 parainfluenza virus. 52 The most well-investigated bacterialviral interaction is the synergism between influenza virus and Spn 23 and the interaction has been shown to be strongly associated with Spn dissemination from the NP and subsequent local or systemic invasion.…”

Section: Host Inflammatory and Bacterial Virulence Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Next generation protein basedStreptococcus pneumoniaevaccines

Pichichero

Khan

2015

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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All currently available Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn) vaccines have limitations due to their capsular serotype composition. Both the 23-valent Spn polysaccharide vaccine (PPV) and 7, 10, or 13-valent Spn conjugate vaccines (PCV-7, 10, -13) are serotype-based vaccines and therefore they elicit only serotype-specific immunity. Emergence of replacement Spn strains expressing other serotypes has consistently occurred following introduction of capsular serotype based Spn vaccines. Furthermore, capsular polysaccharide vaccines are less effective in protection against non-bacteremic pneumonia and acute otitis media (AOM) than against invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). These shortcomings of capsular polysaccharide-based Spn vaccines have created high interest in development of non-serotype specific protein-based vaccines that could be effective in preventing both IPD and non-IPD infections. This review discusses the progress to date on development of Spn protein vaccine candidates that are highly conserved by all Spn strains, are highly conserved, exhibit maximal antigenicity and minimal reactogenicity to replace or complement the current capsule-based vaccines. Key to development of a protein based Spn vaccine is an understanding of Spn pathogenesis. Based on pathogenesis, a protein-based Spn vaccine should include one or more ingredients that reduce NP colonization below a pathogenic inoculum. Elimination of all Spn colonization may not be achievable or even advisable. The level of expression of a target protein antigen during pathogenesis is another key to the success of protein based vaccines.. As with virtually all currently licensed vaccines, production of a serum antibody response in response to protein based vaccines is anticipated to provide protection from Spn infections. A significant advantage that protein vaccine formulations can offer over capsule based vaccination is their potential benefits associated with natural priming and boosting to all strains of Spn. One of the most universal and comprehensive approaches of identifying novel vaccine candidates is the investigation of human sera from different disease stages of natural infections. Antigens that are robustly reactive in preliminary human serum screening constitute a pathogen-specific antigenome. This strategy has identified a number of Spn protein vaccine candidates that are moving forward in human clinical trials.

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A comparative study of thin-section CT findings between seasonal influenza virus pneumonia andStreptococcus pneumoniaepneumonia

Cited by 22 publications

References 30 publications

Pneumococcal and influenza vaccination status of hospitalized adults with community acquired pneumonia and the effects of vaccination on clinical presentation

Pneumococcal and influenza vaccination status of hospitalized adults with community acquired pneumonia and the effects of vaccination on clinical presentation

Phenotyping COPD exacerbations using imaging and blood-based biomarkers

Next generation protein basedStreptococcus pneumoniaevaccines

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