A Comparison Between Digital Radiography, Computed Tomography, and Magnetic Resonance in the Detection of Gunshot Residues in Burnt Tissues and Bone

Amadasi, Alberto; Borgonovo, S.; Brandone, A.; Giancamillo, M. Di; Cattaneo, Cristina

doi:10.1111/1556-4029.12304

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Fresh clean bone was chosen instead of bone covered with soft tissue because of fear that subsequent removal of soft tissue could somehow modify any bone fragment displacement around the margin of the wound. In a previous radiological study performed on similar samples with a layer of skin or soft tissues, the presence of the detachment of some parts of the external circumference of the entrance wound could be observed. Thus, there is no indication that bone with soft tissue should behave differently from fresh bone in the case of contact wounds.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 83%

Characteristics and Frequency of Chipping Effects in Near‐Contact Gunshot Wounds

Amadasi

Mazzarelli

Merli

et al. 2016

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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The presence of "chipping" or "flaking" around the edges of gunshot entry wounds has been described among the characteristics of gunshot wounds in bone. In this study, the real frequency of such a peculiar feature was investigated. The presence of "chipping" was assessed on 22 gunshot wounds fired at a near-contact range on bovine ribs with 9-mm bullets. As controls, five samples were shot with a 3 cm range, and five from 40 cm. In 77% of cases shot at near-contact range, a detachment of small fragments of the upper layers of bone was detected, mainly with a circumferential disposition, whereas this feature was lacking in control samples. The study demonstrated the frequency of "chipping" and that it may probably be due to a combined ballistic effect of impact of the bullet itself and expansion of gases. It may be thus considered indicative of close-range shots.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 83%

Characteristics and Frequency of Chipping Effects in Near‐Contact Gunshot Wounds

Amadasi

Mazzarelli

Merli

et al. 2016

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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“…Postmortem imaging analysis, including X-ray and computed tomography (CT), has been used to not only identify retained bullets in penetrating gunshot wounds but as an adjunctive technique to gross inspection for the determination of entrance versus exit gunshot wounds and for determining the wound pathway [11]. Comparative studies in bone have demonstrated the superiority of digital radiography versus CT and magnetic resonance imaging in detecting metallic gunshot residue particles from both fresh and cremated bone [12]. These radiodense deposits also persist through intermediate Other ancillary techniques that may be used to address the presence of bullet wipe from gunshot wounds include biochemical tests, methods involving atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), neutron activation analysis (NAA), inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), proton-induced X-ray emission (PIXE), and scanning electron microscopy coupled with an energy dispersive X-ray analyzer (SEM-EDX).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Postmortem imaging analysis, including X‐ray and computed tomography (CT), has been used to not only identify retained bullets in penetrating gunshot wounds but as an adjunctive technique to gross inspection for the determination of entrance versus exit gunshot wounds and for determining the wound pathway [11]. Comparative studies in bone have demonstrated the superiority of digital radiography versus CT and magnetic resonance imaging in detecting metallic gunshot residue particles from both fresh and cremated bone [12]. These radiodense deposits also persist through intermediate targets, as shown by an experimental model utilizing porcine skin wherein X‐ray analysis detected radiodense fragments on soft tissues from partial jacket rifle rounds at distances of 6 m through an intermediate wooden target of 5 cm thickness [13].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiodense bullet wipe around osseous entrance gunshot wounds

Lukefahr

Vollner

Anderson

et al. 2020

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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Bullet wipe" is the material deposited by a bullet on any surface with which it comes into contact after it is fired and may contain debris from the gun barrel, including particles of primer and metal fragments from previously fired bullets. X-ray analysis is a non-destructive method by which traces of metallic elements can be visually detected. The analysis of osseous defects for radiodense bullet wipe (RBW) assists in determining the presence or absence of perforating gunshot wounds, especially in fragmented, skeletonized remains. The aim of our current study was to determine the frequency of RBW around entrance firearms injuries that perforated bone. We prospectively analyzed entrance gunshot wounds for RBW over a three-year period using digital X-ray analysis (n = 59). We retrospectively reviewed the corresponding autopsy reports to determine the frequency of RBW by biologic sex, reported ancestry, age-at-death, location of wound, manner of death, range of fire, bullet caliber, and presence of bullet jacket. Data were analyzed by Fisher's exact test or Chi-square test with significance levels accepted at p < 0.05. RBW was present in 66% (n = 39) of examined cases. Decedent characteristics did not significantly alter RBW distribution, including biologic sex (p = 0.75), reported ancestry (p = 0.49), and age-at-death (p = 0.43). Additionally, the location of the osseous entrance gunshot wound, manner of death, range of fire, and cartridge caliber did not affect RBW detection. All cases involving non-jacketed rounds (n = 5) showed RBW (p = 0.30). To our knowledge, this study is the first to report the frequency of RBW detection from osseous entrance gunshot wounds.

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“…The method is to use a single X-ray source, X-ray sensor and computer platform, which together, in general, will allow you to calculate the mineral density of the bone (Jimenez-Mendoza et al, 2011). Known methods of computed tomography, digital radiography, and magnetic resonance are sufficiently sensitive to study bone residual material and to determine the causes of death of animals (Amadasi et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

X-ray densitometric indices of proximal phalanx, medial phalanx and ungular pelvic limb bones as criteria for age diagnosis of cattle in forensic veterinary expertise

Yatsenko

Tkachuk

Busol

et al. 2019

Regul. Mech. Biosyst.

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Morphological parameters of biological material are extremely informative in diagnostic studies, in particular, to determine the species, sex, time of death, the term of burial. The most informative object for these tasks is the skeleton, because changes in the bones are stored for a long time, while soft tissue is subjected to rotting. Bone tissue is the most durable, but at the same time, it is very labile and reacts to all metabolic processes in the body. The object of the study was proximal phalanx, medial phalanx and ungular bone of the pelvic limb of cattle ranging in age from newborn to 12 years old. Radiography of the proximal phalanx, medial phalanx and ungular bones of the pelvic limb was performed on the Arman apparatus. The bones were subjected to X-ray in the lateromedial projection. The inner and outer sections of the tubular bone were determined. The mathematical modeling of the interaction of X-rays and the cortical layer of bones of fingers (proximal phalanx, medial phalanx and ungular) of cattle was carried out in this work. It is established that this process is described by Bouger's law. The physico-mathematical model of proximal phalanx, medial phalanx and ungular bones has been calculated, on the basis of which it was possible to calculate the X-ray densitometric indices of these bones of cattle. The age features of dynamics of X-ray densitometric indices of the proximal phalanx, medial phalanx and ungular bones were established and a method of determining the age of cattle according to this criterion was proposed. A mathematical model for the proximal phalanx, medial phalanx and ungular bones of the pelvic limbs of cattle that can be applied in X-ray densitometry uses: for the average third proximal phalanx – section of heterogeneous tubular structure modeled by a semicircle; for a medial phalanx bone – a section of a triangular shape; for the ungular bone – a heterogeneous structure, the plantar surface is inscribed in a rectangle. The process of interaction of X-rays with the bone structure of the examined pelvic limb bones can be described by Bouguer's law. The developed mathematical modeling of this interaction and the algorithm for its analysis is the basis for determining the age of cattle for X-ray densitometric indices of the proximal phalanx, medial phalanx and ungular bones of pelvic limbs. By X-ray densitometry of the proximal phalanx and medial phalanx bones of the pelvic limbs extremities one can diagnose the age of bovine animals from birth to 5 years, but according to ungular bones – from birth to 10 years. X-ray densitometry of medial phalanx and ungular bones of pelvic limbs can be used for diagnosing bovine cattle in a complex with other morphological, chemical and physical methods of investigation.

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A Comparison Between Digital Radiography, Computed Tomography, and Magnetic Resonance in the Detection of Gunshot Residues in Burnt Tissues and Bone

Cited by 11 publications

References 37 publications

Characteristics and Frequency of Chipping Effects in Near‐Contact Gunshot Wounds

Characteristics and Frequency of Chipping Effects in Near‐Contact Gunshot Wounds

Radiodense bullet wipe around osseous entrance gunshot wounds

X-ray densitometric indices of proximal phalanx, medial phalanx and ungular pelvic limb bones as criteria for age diagnosis of cattle in forensic veterinary expertise

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