A comparison between ZnO films doped with 3d and 4f magnetic ions

Ungureanu, Mariana; Schmidt, Heidemarie; Wenckstern, Holger von; Hochmuth, H.; Lorenz, Michael; Grundmann, Marius; Fecioru-Morariu, Marian; Güntherodt, G.

doi:10.1016/j.tsf.2007.04.010

Cited by 37 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…30,31 The large DE obtained in our investigation is an indication of the possibility of achieving long-range FM with high T C (>RT) in RE doped ZnO systems, since it is experimentally demonstrated that, with varying electron concentrations, high T C can be obtained in n-type ZnO:Gd. 32 We also investigate the DOS, as it can provide further insight into the exchange mechanism. The spin-up and spin-down DOSs of doped nanowire are significantly different from that of the pristine nanowire.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ferromagnetism in Gd doped ZnO nanowires: A first principles study

Aravindh

Schwingenschloegl

Roqan

2014

Journal of Applied Physics

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Size effects on formation energies and electronic structures of oxygen and zinc vacancies in ZnO nanowires: A first-principles study J. Appl. Phys. 109, 044306 (2011) In several experimental studies, room temperature ferromagnetism in Gd-doped ZnO nanostructures has been achieved. However, the mechanism and the origin of the ferromagnetism remain controversial. We investigate the structural, magnetic, and electronic properties of Zn 48 O 48 nanowires doped with Gd, using density functional theory. Our findings indicate that substitutionally incorporated Gd atoms prefer occupying the surface Zn sites. Moreover, the formation energy increases with the distance between Gd atoms, signifying that no Gd-Gd segregation occurs in the nanowires within the concentration limit of 2%. Gd induces ferromagnetism in ZnO nanowires with magnetic coupling energy up to 21 meV in the neutral state, which increases with additional electron and O vacancy, revealing the role of carriers in magnetic exchange. The potential for achieving room temperature ferromagnetism and high T C in ZnO:Gd nanowires is evident from the large ferromagnetic coupling energy (200 meV

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ferromagnetism in Gd doped ZnO nanowires: A first principles study

Aravindh

Schwingenschloegl

Roqan

2014

Journal of Applied Physics

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“…6 In addition, a report on the observation of a colossal magnetic moment (4000 l B ) upon Gd-doping in GaN 7 has prompted efforts to investigate the magnetism in Gddoped ZnO (Gd:ZnO). Earlier theoretical 8 and experimental studies have brought to focus two important prerequisites to obtain long-range RTFM in Gd:ZnO: (i) optimum amount of Gd doping 9,10 and (ii) certain density of carriers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defect-band mediated ferromagnetism in Gd-doped ZnO thin films

Singaravelu

Franklin

Ryan

et al. 2015

Journal of Applied Physics

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“…10,11 Pulsed-laser deposited samples with low Gd content were reported to be paramagnetic, and they turn ferromagnetic below 150 K for an increased Gd content of 1%. 12 These results are promising, but especially the ion implantation studies have to be taken with some care since two major problems might occur. First, ion implantation inevitably leads to structural damage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural and magnetic analysis of epitaxial films of Gd-doped ZnO

Ney

Kammermeier

et al. 2012

Phys. Rev. B

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Zn (1−x) Gd x O epitaxial films prepared by reactive magnetron sputtering were studied using a combination of synchrotron based x-ray absorption spectroscopies, x-ray diffraction, and classical magnetometry. With nominal Gd concentrations of up to 16% only paramagnetism is found. Reducing the oxygen content in the sputter gas provokes phase separation, however, the samples remain paramagnetic. The experimental findings are corroborated by first-principles density-functional theory calculations. In all cases a paramagnetic behavior is found with Gd atomic moments comparable to the experiment. The structural degradation with increasing Gd concentration is consistently found by experiment as well as theory.

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A comparison between ZnO films doped with 3d and 4f magnetic ions

Cited by 37 publications

References 14 publications

Ferromagnetism in Gd doped ZnO nanowires: A first principles study

Ferromagnetism in Gd doped ZnO nanowires: A first principles study

Defect-band mediated ferromagnetism in Gd-doped ZnO thin films

Structural and magnetic analysis of epitaxial films of Gd-doped ZnO

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