A comparison of cardiopulmonary function, recovery quality, and total dosages required for induction and total intravenous anesthesia with propofol versus a propofol-ketamine combination in healthy Beagle dogs

Kennedy, Mary Claire; Smith, Lesley

doi:10.1111/vaa.12218

Cited by 46 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…HR in SAL showed significant increases after induction of anaesthesia, which is remained high in the whole assessment period compared with the base. Increase in HR after induction of anaesthesia with ketamine has been reported on previous studies in dogs [1,15] . Administration of ketamine has been shown that indirectly, by catecholamine release, stimulates the cardiovascular system and subsequently leads to increased HR [16] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Ketamine can increase MAP via the same mechanism explained for increase in HR [16] . Indeed, the increase in HR after administration of ketamine has a key role in any increase in MAP [1] . It was expected, in the present study, that increase in HR in SAL consequently resulted in increase in MAP, but MAP just showed a slight increase at T5 and then decreased.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ketamine when used alone is considered, in general, as an anaesthetic agent with uneven induction and violent recovery. Thus, it is recommended to use ketamine with central nervous system (CNS) depressants such as benzodiazepines [1] . However, verapamil is generally considered to be devoid of CNS depressant effects, it has been shown that verapamil possesses some anticonvulsant properties [5,7,8] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ketamine is an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist with anti-hyperalgesic and anaesthetic properties. The cardiovascular stimulation associated with ketamine is characterized by increases in heart rate (HR), cardiac output (CO), and arterial blood pressure as a result of increased sympathetic efferent activity [1] . Anaesthesia with ketamine may be associated with little muscle relaxation or even muscle rigidity as well as spontaneous movement and violent recovery.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Köpeklerde Ketaminle İndüklenmiş Anestezi Üzerine Verapamilin İndüksiyon ve Rekover Özellikleri ve Kardiyorespiratuar Etkileri

Imani¹,

Mosallanejad²,

Kavosi³

et al. 2016

Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg

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The present study was designed to evaluate the induction and recovery characteristics as well as the cardiorespiratory effects of verapamil on ketamine-induced anaesthesia in dogs. Six healthy male mix-breed dogs weighing 19.5±3.0 kg and aged 1.5-2.5 years were used in a randomized crossover design. After premedication with acepromazine (0.025 mg/kg) and morphine (0.25 mg/kg) intramuscularly, dogs received either treatments of verapamil (0.1 mg/kg; IV) or normal saline intravenously. Anaesthesia was induced with ketamine (10 mg/kg; IV) and maintained with isoflurane. Induction and recovery quality were acceptable in both treatments. Recovery tended to be prolonged in verapamil compared with SAL. Heart rate in normal saline, after administration of ketamine, showed significant increased values (P<0.05); whereas, heart rate was relatively stable in verapamil with no significant changes (P≥0.05). Mean arterial blood pressure, during inhalation anaesthesia, was below the reference ranges and showed significant decreases in both treatments (P<0.05). Respiratory rate decreased in both groups at several time points compared with the base (P<0.05). It was concluded that addition of verapamil to ketamine, had no effect on induction and recovery quality and could potentially prolong recovery. Verapamil resulted in relatively stable HR compared to that of control group. Keywords: Anaesthesia, Verapamil, Ketamine, Dog Köpeklerde Ketaminle İndüklenmiş Anestezi Üzerine Verapamilin İndüksiyon ve Rekover Özellikleri ve Kardiyorespiratuar Etkileri ÖzetBu çalışma, köpeklerde ketamin-kaynaklı anestezi üzerine verapamil'in kardiyorespiratuar etkilerinin yanı sıra indüksiyon ve iyileşme özelliklerini değerlendirmek için tasarlanmıştır. Altı adet sağlıklı erkek melez-cins köpek (19.5±3.0 kg ağırlığında ve 1.5-2.5 yaşlı) rasgele seçilmiş bir çapraz tasarımda kullanıldı. Köpeklere, kas-içi asepromazin (0.025 mg/kg) ve morfin (0.25 mg/kg) ile premedikasyon sonrası, ya intravenöz yolla verapamil (0.1 mg/kg; IV) ya da normal tuzlu su tedavisi yapıldı. Anestezi ketamin ile anestezi (10 mg/kg; IV) indüklendi ve izofluran ile sürdürüldü. Her iki tedavide indüksiyon ve iyileşme kalitesi kabul edilebilir idi. İyileşme, normal tuzlu su ile karşılaştırıldığında verapamilde uzama eğiliminde idi. Normal tuzlu sudaki kalp atım hızı, ketamin verilmesinden sonra, önemli artan tarzda değişiklikler (P<0.05) gösterirken; oysa, verapamilde ki kalp atım hızına oranla istikrarlı olup, önemli değişiklikler göstermedi (P≥0.05). Ortalama arteriyel kan basıncı, inhalasyon anestezisi sırasında, referans aralıkları altında idi ve her iki tedavide önemli düşüşler gösterdi (P<0.05). Solunum hızı, bazal seviye ile karşılaştırıldığında her iki grupta da çok sayıda zaman noktasında azaldı (P<0.05). Dolayısıyla; ketaminine verapamilin eklenmesinin, indüksiyon ve iyileşme kalitesi üzerine hiçbir etkisinin olmadığı ve potansiyel olarak rekoveri geciktirdiği sonucuna varıldı. Verapamil, kontrol grubuna kıyasla nispeten istikrarlı HR ile sonuçlandı.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Köpeklerde Ketaminle İndüklenmiş Anestezi Üzerine Verapamilin İndüksiyon ve Rekover Özellikleri ve Kardiyorespiratuar Etkileri

Imani¹,

Mosallanejad²,

Kavosi³

et al. 2016

Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg

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“…Devido ao fato do propofol não possuir ação antinociceptiva adequada deve-se associa-lo a um analgésico [6]. A infusão continua (IC) de fentanil, lidocaína e cetamina podem ser associadas ao propofol como protocolo de ATIV, além de oferecer analgesia intraoperatória podem diminuir a depressão cardiovascular decorrente da infusão contínua deste agente anestésico [1,11,14].…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Total Intravenous Anesthesia with Propofol Associated with Fentanyl, Lidocaine or Ketamine in Bitches Submitted to Elective Ovariohysterectomy

Monzem

Spiller

Dower

et al. 2017

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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Background: Total intravenous anesthesia with propofol is an alternative to inhalation anesthesia because it offers smoother anesthetic recovery, however, since propofol does not have adequate analgesic action, it is necessary to associate it with some drug to avoid the pain process. In addition, the combination may minimize cardiovascular depression resulting from continuous infusion of propofol by reducing infusion rate. The aim of this study was to evaluate cardiorespiratory parameters and anesthetic recovery in bitches submitted to continuous infusion of fentanyl, lidocaine and ketamine associated with total intravenous anesthesia with propofol and submitted to elective ovariohisterectomy.Materials, Methods & Results: Twenty-four bitches were medicated intramuscularly with 0.03 mg/kg of acepromazine. After 30 min, they were divided into three groups with different analgesic treatments: group F (GF) received a loading dose (LD) of 0.0036 mg/kg fentanyl, followed by continuous infusion of 0.0036 mg/kg/h; group L (GL), LD of 3 mg/kg lidocaine, followed by 3 mg/kg/h and group K (GK), LD of 0.6 mg/kg ketamine, followed by 0.6 mg/kg/h. First a LD of analgesic treatment was administered, followed by induction (to the effect) and beginning of continuous infusion of the analgesic treatment and propofol. The animals were intubated with endotracheal tube of adequate size, and connected to 100% oxygen, being kept under spontaneous ventilation during the entire period of anesthetic maintenance. The infusion of propofol started at 0.34 mg/kg/min and was adjusted so as to maintain the surgical anesthesia plane of Guedel and the cardiovascular parameters within the physiological limits for the species. The cardiorespiratory parameters were measured at different moments: basal (before application of any drug) and 5, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 and 80 min after induction. The surgery started 20 min after anesthetic induction and lasted 60 min. At the end of the surgery, infusions were terminated and anesthesia recovery was evaluated by measuring the extubation time, sternal decubitus, and quadrupedal position in min. A variance analysis was performed to compare means of cardiorespiratory parameters for the moments and groups followed by the Scott-knott test. Differences were considered significant when P < 0.05. The baseline parameters, age, weight and dose of propofol IC were not statistically different between groups. The infusion rate of propofol increased in all groups from M5 to M15. GF and GL presented lower values for heart rate and GK presented higher values for the same variable. Blood pressure decreased after induction and increased in M40, M50 and M60. The variables EtCo2, PaCo2 and HCO3 increased and pH decreased showing respiratory depression in all groups. The mean time, in min, for orotracheal extubation, sternal decubitus and quadrupedal position were respectively 5 ± 3, 20 ± 6 and 39 ± 13 for GF; 6 ± 2, 23 ± 7 and 51 ± 15 for GL; 4 ± 2, 18 ± 6 and 42 ± 22 for GK and did not present statistical difference between the groups.Discussion: The combination of continuous infusion of fentanyl, lidocaine or ketamine to total intravenous anesthesia with propofol provides cardiovascular stability, but does not prevent respiratory function depression. The dose of propofol IC was the same in all groups, thus demonstrating that analgesics have the same potency in the transoperative period and justifies similar anesthetic recovery times. Thus, it can be concluded that these associations are feasible for total intravenous anesthesia provided proper monitorins for respiratory function.

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Emergency and Critical Care Anesthesia

Sager¹,

Norkus²

2018

Veterinary Technician's Manual for Small Animal Emergency and Critical Care

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A comparison of cardiopulmonary function, recovery quality, and total dosages required for induction and total intravenous anesthesia with propofol versus a propofol-ketamine combination in healthy Beagle dogs

Cited by 46 publications

References 33 publications

Köpeklerde Ketaminle İndüklenmiş Anestezi Üzerine Verapamilin İndüksiyon ve Rekover Özellikleri ve Kardiyorespiratuar Etkileri

Köpeklerde Ketaminle İndüklenmiş Anestezi Üzerine Verapamilin İndüksiyon ve Rekover Özellikleri ve Kardiyorespiratuar Etkileri

Total Intravenous Anesthesia with Propofol Associated with Fentanyl, Lidocaine or Ketamine in Bitches Submitted to Elective Ovariohysterectomy

Emergency and Critical Care Anesthesia

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