A comparison of effectiveness between oral rapid testing and routine serum-based testing for HIV in an outpatient dental clinic in Yuxi Prefecture, China: a case–control study

Abstract

ObjectiveTo compare the outcomes of routine provider-initiated HIV testing and counselling (PITC) and oral rapid HIV testing for dental clinic outpatients in a hospital.DesignWe employed a case–control study design and recruited dental outpatients into routine serum-based and oral rapid testing groups. We compared the acceptance, completion and result notification rate between groups.SettingA dental outpatient clinic in the Yuxi People's Hospital, Yunnan.ParticipantsA total of 758 and 816 dental outpatients were enrolled for routine and oral rapid testing, respectively.ResultsThe percentage of participants willing to receive routine HIV testing was 28.1% (95% CI 24.9% to 31.3%) and 96.1% (95% CI 94.8% to 97.4%, χ2=186.4, p<0.001) for the rapid testing. Among accepted participants, the percentage of participants who received HIV testing was 26.8% (95% CI 20.9% to 32.7%) in the routine testing group and 100.0% in the oral rapid HIV testing group (χ2=77.5, p<0.001). About 93.0% of routine testers returned for the test results on the next day, whereas all rapid testers received their test results on the same day (χ2=34.6, p<0.001). These correspond to an overall completion rate of 7.0% (95% CI 5.2% to 8.8%) and 96.1% (95% CI 94.8% to 97.4%, p<0.001), respectively. Among the 545 patients who declined routine serum-based HIV testing, the main reasons included, an unnecessary hassle (254/545, 46.6%), having been previously tested (124/545, 22.8%) and self-perceived low risk of HIV infection (103/545, 18.9%). In contrast, only 32 individuals declined oral rapid testing, and having received a previous test was the primary reason. Three patients in the rapid testing group were later confirmed HIV-positive, yielding an HIV prevalence of 0.38%.ConclusionOral rapid HIV testing is a feasible and efficient approach in a clinical setting.

HIV testing behaviors and willingness to receive oral rapid HIV testing among dental patients in Xi’an, China

“…The HIV testing rate of dental patients in China was not optimistic. Li conducted a case-control study at a private dental practice in Yuxi People’s Hospital in Yunnan Provence in China, 23.9% of 577 participants who refused to accept HIV screening cited they received HIV testing previously [ 40 ]. The current survey showed that 9.2% of 909 participants received HIV testing previously, and 86.9% (73/84) were tested in hospitals.…”

“…Barriers for ORHT acceptance among dental patients included being tested for HIV previously, feeling confident about their health status, lack of time to wait for the test result, not wanting to be tested in a private dental practice and expensive testing cost [ 34 , 40 ]. In our study, 56.6% of 327 participants believed they were sufficiently healthy indicating they were not interested in receiving an ORHT.…”

A Convenient Hiv Screening: Oral Rapid Test Review of Literature

“…36 The result is faster just waiting for about 20 minutes which we can see in the research results in the table above. 27,37,38 This tool is known as lateral flow immunoassays, which essentially coax analytes (HIV antibodies, in this case) up from cotton or the tip and into the yield area. Once they're in that area, two wall-like strips called membranes capture the analyte and show up as colored lines.…”

“…Once they're in that area, two wall-like strips called membranes capture the analyte and show up as colored lines. 6,38 This HIV antibody test detects cells created by the immune system (defense) in response to HIV infection. Most HIV tests detect the presence of HIV antibodies, not the HIV virus.…”

Chilean Health Care Providers’ Perceived Comfort in Performing Oral Rapid Testing for HIV: A Cross-Sectional Study

“…The rapidity with which it yields results also facilitates early referral for medical treatment and care if needed (Galbraith, 2013;San Antonio-Gaddy et al, 2006;Zelin et al, 2008). Considerable evidence confirms that as an alternative to the ELISA, ORT has increased the number of people in the United States and other countries who learn their HIV sero-status (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2006;Dulce-Lemos, Queiroz, & Dal-Fabbro, 2005;Li et al, 2017;Quian et al, 2005;Wesolowskia et al, 2006;World Health Organization [WHO], 2012). While ORT has never been used in Chile despite its considerable promise, the MINSAL is considering adopting ORT.…”