“…In vitro studies showed that US-induced acoustic cavitation of MBs can transiently increase the cell membrane permeability and enhance cellular uptake of the plasmid. 28 , 29 , 30 UMGD has been applied in vivo to deliver pharmocologics or genetic material into different target organs such as liver, 31 , 32 , 33 brain, 34 , 35 pancreas, 36 kidney, 37 cornea, 38 and others 39 for therapeutic treatment. Previously, we showed that therapeutic UMGD enhanced FIX gene transfer by the intrahepatic delivery of an albumin-based US contrast agent, Optison, combined with a FIX plasmid into the mouse liver, which was simultaneously treated with an US.…”