Technical Digest IEEE Solid-State Sensor and Actuator Workshop
DOI: 10.1109/solsen.1992.228297
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A comparison of muscle with artificial actuators

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Cited by 232 publications
(145 citation statements)
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“…It is important to note, however, that this ability to pass from an equilibrium state to another state would be nothing if it were not associated to a reversibility whose life cycle is finally its measure. Note also that the life cycle of natural muscle is greater than 10 9 (Hunter & Lafontaine, 1992); no present-day artificial muscle is able to approach this value, which is linked to the ability of living tissues to self-repair. Kühn & Katchalsky's historical studies were reconsidered in the 1980s within the framework of a renewed interest for artificial muscles due to technological developments in robotics, and a demand for implantable artificial biological organs.…”
Section: The Historical Kühn and Katchalsky Notion Of Artificial Muscmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…It is important to note, however, that this ability to pass from an equilibrium state to another state would be nothing if it were not associated to a reversibility whose life cycle is finally its measure. Note also that the life cycle of natural muscle is greater than 10 9 (Hunter & Lafontaine, 1992); no present-day artificial muscle is able to approach this value, which is linked to the ability of living tissues to self-repair. Kühn & Katchalsky's historical studies were reconsidered in the 1980s within the framework of a renewed interest for artificial muscles due to technological developments in robotics, and a demand for implantable artificial biological organs.…”
Section: The Historical Kühn and Katchalsky Notion Of Artificial Muscmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In the shape memory effect, the material exhibits residual strains that can be used to generate a linear displacement. The possibility of developing NiTi fibres exhibiting both very high strain rates (300%/s) and very high stress (200 MPa) (Hunter & Lafontaine, 1992) naturally interested the designers of new robot actuators. Safak and Adam (Safak & Adams, 2002), for example, developed a lobster robot actuated by antagonistic nitinol artificial muscle pairs.…”
Section: B Shape Memory Alloysmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Because excellent reviews of actuator technologies are available (e.g., [44]- [48]), their detailed characteristics will not be covered here. Instead, some of the particular requirements of applications in surgery and the methods that have been used in some implementations will be discussed.…”
Section: Actuationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…SMA actuators are capable of very large stresses, making them ideal for microgrippers that must generate large forces. Unfortunately, both SMA and polymers have relatively slow response times; Hunter and Lafontaine [48] estimate strain rates of 3 and 1 s , respectively. Cooling of SMA is much more efficient at micro scales as the surface-to-volume ratio improves, however.…”
Section: Actuationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…EAPs can be easily formed in any various shapes and can be used to build micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS). They can be designed to emulate the operation of biological muscles [2][3][4] with unique characteristics of high toughness, large actuation strain constant and inherent vibration damping. The development of muscle actuators is involved with an interdisciplinary effort using expertise in materials science, chemistry, electronics, and robotics.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%