A comparison of phantom linear scalar field and non-linear Born-Infeld scalar field

Abstract

This paper studies phantom linear scalar field (LSF) and phantom non-linear Born-Infeld (NLBI) scalar field with square potential of the form V (φ) = 1 2 m 2 φ 2 . The equation of state parameter ω(z), and evolution of scale factor a(t) in both phantom LSF and phantom NLBI scalar model are explored. The age of universe H0t and the transition redshift Z are obtained. The Gold data set of 157-SN-Ia is used to constrain parameters of the two models by numerical calculation. The phantom LSF is slightly better than the phantom NLBI type scalar field model for a large m. Although a smaller m corresponding to a slower rolling of fieldφ better fits the observation data, the difference between phantom NLBI scalar field and phantom LSF is not distinct in this case.Keywords dark energy, phantom non-linear Born-Infeld (NLBI) type scalar field, phantom linear scalar field (LSF) PACS 2001 98.80.Cq

Real-Time Monitoring of Rebar Corrosion in Concrete

“…value achieved by equation(7) Comparison table 4 and table 5, the result shows some difference. Because the values of table 4 are achieved by equation(6), and equation (6) do not include time variable, they have much error.…”

“…There are four methods to measure R p in this paper, and there are linear polarization method, exchange impedance law, charging curve method and square wave polarography. Linear polarization method is used the most commonly, corrosion potential E c begins from -10 mV to 10 mV, scanning in a certain rate, and R p can be calculated from the slope of recording polarization curves, the scanning process continues about 3 minutes; alternating current impedance method see the references [5,6], measuring time about 10 minutes; Charge curve method and square wave polarography see the references [7], the two methods' measuring time is short, but their computation is complex, charging curve method can effectively avoid the volatility of corrosion potential, tangent method or two points method can be used as its computation method. When metal electrodes are charged with constant current, the potential for change:…”

“…measured by different electrochemical techniques (mV)As shown in table 2, the results are little difference from the Stern equation and other 3 kinds of different electrochemical methods. 4.4 Estimation of Q value Q value can be calculated according to equation(6) or equation(7).a. The result estimated by equation (6) Three samples were monitored a year, K and R p were tested once a month, and K value only has a little change, and takes the middle of table 3. r value can be achieved by t R p gets monthly, take the natural logarithm lnR p of maximum and minimum among 12 R p values.…”