A comparison of temperatures measured in the rectum, œsophagus, and on the surface of the aorta during hypothermia in man

Cooper, K. E.; Kenyon, J. R.

doi:10.1002/bjs.18004418815

Cited by 124 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Oesophageal temperatures are more closely related to aortic blood temperature (Cooper & Kenyon, 1957). In addition, rectal temperature responds slowly to changes in blood temperature (Cooper & Kenyon, 1957) and, moreover, can vary in relation to intestinal blood flow change . For such reasons as this the value of rectal temperature as an index of core temperature has been doubted (Cranstone, Gerbrandy & Snell, 1954).…”

Section: Discujssionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observations on temperature distribution in the cardiovascular system, thorax and abdomen of monkeys in relation to environment

Grayson¹,

Irvine²,

Kinnear³

1966

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. Thermo-electric observations of temperature distribution in the 'core 'area of monkeys and baboons are reported.2. Temperature gradients were shown to exist in the inferior vena cava, temperatures rising by a mean value of 0.20 C at the entry of the renal veins and again by a further 0.20 C at the level of the hepatic veins.3. Temperatures in the right atrium were on average 0-10 C lower than in the inferior vena cava due to the return of relatively cooler blood from the superior vena cava.4. Net heat exchanges in the thorax were small. Right atrial and aortic blood temperatures were not significantly different and it was concluded that heat losses in the thorax were balanced by heat production in lungs and heart. 5. The mean liver temperature was 0.10 C higher than that of the aortic blood irrespective of the environment.6. The mean temperature recorded from the lumen of the jejunum was 0. 2 C warmer than the aorta in the 'warm' environment and 0.4 C hotter than the aorta in the 'cool' environment. In both environments intrajejunal temperature was higher than the liver but the differential was increased by exposure to a 'cool' environment.7. Evidence is adduced to suggest that the gastro-intestinal tract in the body at rest is a major heat producer contributing about double the amount of heat generated by the liver.8. It is suggested that blood flow redistribution in the splanchnic area on exposure of the body to cold is the main cause of the change in aorticjejunal and jejunal-liver differentials. Metabolic factors have, however, not been excluded.

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Section: Discujssionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observations on temperature distribution in the cardiovascular system, thorax and abdomen of monkeys in relation to environment

Grayson¹,

Irvine²,

Kinnear³

1966

The Journal of Physiology

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“…15 It has been suggested 6,20 that an intact pathway from above C5 to at least T11 is required to mediate active vasodilation in the lower limb. Accordingly, participants in the present study, because of their cervical cord lesions, could not be expected to actively redistribute bloodow to the skin and raise Tcalf.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermoregulatory responses to exercise and warm water immersion in physically trained men with tetraplegia

Gass

Pitetti

2002

Spinal Cord

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Objective: To compare thermoregulatory responses of highly trained men who are tetraplegic during 40 min exercise at 65%O 2 peak and 60 min immersion in 398C water. Methods: Four physically trained men who are tetraplegic participated in three laboratory visits. The ®rst visit involved familiarisation and then determination of O 2 peak using open circuit spirometry during an incremental test to exhaustion with each man propelling his sport wheelchair on a motor driven treadmill. The order of second and third visits was randomly allocated. Visit 2 involved 40 min of exercise at 65%O 2 peak propelling each man's sport wheelchair on treadmill. Visit 3 involved sitting immersed to nipple line in 398C water for 60 min. Venous blood was obtained pre, during and after each intervention and analyzed for haemoglobin, haematocrit and changes in plasma volume were calculated. Separated plasma was analyzed for noradrenalin and adrenalin (high performance liquid chromatography). Heart rate, rectal temperature, and sweat rate estimated from a sweat capsule placed on forehead (dew point hygrometry) were recorded throughout. Results:O 2 peak and HR max of these subjects were 1.14+0.16 l×min 71 and 99+4 b×min 71 respectively. Heart rate preimmersion was 67+4 b×min 71 rising to 75+4 b×min 71 after 40 min and 87+3 b×min 71 after 60 min immersion. Heart rate was 68+3 b×min 71 pre-exercise rising to 91+5 b×min 71 after 40 min exercise. Rectal temperature rose from 35.97+0.308C pre immersion to 37.32+0.518C after 60 min immersion, and from 36.42+0.208C pre-exercise to 36.67+0.198C after 40 min exercise. Haemoconcentration occurred during 40 min of exercise and haemodilution occurred throughout 60 min of water immersion. Three participants demonstrated no sweating on the forehead during immersion or exercise. One subject commenced sweating after 20 min exercise and after 5 min of immersion. Conclusion: Compared to exercise, immersion was associated with a lower heart rate, a lower plasma noradrenalin concentration and an expanded plasma volume. When considering exercise or warm water immersion as therapeutic modalities in men who are tetraplegic, attention should be paid to heat gain and changes in plasma volume.

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“…Indeed, similarly to the adult under steady-state thermal conditions, infant body temperature may be a reliable index of infant brain temperature. However, during times of thermal instability, when differences between adult brain and body temperature emerge (Cooper & Kenyon, 1957;Delgado & Hanai, 1966;Kiley et al, 1984;Stupfel & Severinghaus, 1956), pup body and brain temperature continue to covary (Expt. 1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical stimulation reduces the brain temperature of infant rats

Sullivan

Wilson

Leon

1988

Developmental Psychobiology

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Previous work indicated that physical stimulation, such as that which mimics the stimulation pups receive from the dam, reduces pup body temperature. The present paper reports that the body and brain temperature of 5-day-old pups covaried under steady-state thermal conditions, cold exposure, and warmth exposure (Expt. 1) suggesting that body thermoregulatory mechanisms may also regulate brain temperature. Indeed, physically stimulating pups decreased brain temperature in the neocortex (Expt. 2) and the olfactory bulb (Expt. 3). The mechanism for this brain temperature decrease appears to be an increase in ventilatory heat exchange, the same mechanism responsible for the decrease in body temperature. Pups increased respiration during stimulation, thereby increasing air flow to the lungs where convective and evaporative heat exchange occurred. Indeed, stimulating pups in a highhumidity environment blocked the decrease in brain temperature (Expt. 4). The ability of physical stimulation to decrease brain temperature appears to be limited to neonatal pups, as 10-, 15-, and 20-day-old pups did not exhibit a brain temperature decrease in response to stimulation (Expt. 5).

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A comparison of temperatures measured in the rectum, œsophagus, and on the surface of the aorta during hypothermia in man

Cited by 124 publications

References 3 publications

Observations on temperature distribution in the cardiovascular system, thorax and abdomen of monkeys in relation to environment

Observations on temperature distribution in the cardiovascular system, thorax and abdomen of monkeys in relation to environment

Thermoregulatory responses to exercise and warm water immersion in physically trained men with tetraplegia

Physical stimulation reduces the brain temperature of infant rats

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