A comparison of the effectiveness of QuEChERS, FaPEx and a modified QuEChERS method on the determination of organochlorine pesticides in ginseng

Bruce-Vanderpuije, Pennante; Megson, David; Ryu, Song-Hee; Choi, Geun‐Hyoung; Park, Sang-Won; Kim, Il‐Kyu; Kim, Jin Hyo; Lee, Hyo-Sub

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0246108

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…In ideal conditions, the total absence of ME is recognized when the two curves are overlapping. 47 , 48 The comparison of the two slopes in solvent and diluted CF, shown in Figure 6 , indicates the total absence of ME, allowing an accurate quantification in this complex matrix. To emphasize this result, MRM profiles of the two-compound mixture at 0.5 ng/mL in 70:30 water/MeOH (v/v) with PA 0.2% and diluted CF at the same concentration were compared, as shown in Figure S-2 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid Chromatography–Electron Capture Negative Ionization–Tandem Mass Spectrometry Detection of Pesticides in a Commercial Formulation

Cappiello

Termopoli

Famiglini

et al. 2021

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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Negative chemical ionization (NCI) and electron-capture negative ionization (ECNI) are gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) techniques that generate negative ions in the gas phase for compounds containing electronegative atoms or functional groups. In ECNI, gas-phase thermal electrons can be transferred to electrophilic substances to produce M –• ions and scarce fragmentation. As a result of the electrophilicity requirements, ECNI is characterized by high-specificity and low background noise, generally lower than EI, offering lower detection limits. The aim of this work is to explore the possibility of extending typical advantages of ECNI to liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS). The LC is combined with the novel liquid-EI (LEI) LC–EIMS interface, the eluent is vaporized and transferred inside a CI source, where it is mixed with methane as a buffer gas. As proof of concept, dicamba and tefluthrin, agrochemicals with herbicidal and insecticidal activity, respectively, were chosen as model compounds and detected together in a commercial formulation. The pesticides have different chemical properties, but both are suitable analytes for ECNI due to the presence of electronegative atoms in the molecules. The influence of the mobile phase and other LC- and MS-operative parameters were methodically evaluated. Part-per-trillion (ppt) detection limits were obtained. Ion abundances were found to be stable with quantitative linear detection, reliable, and reproducible, with no influence from coeluting interfering compounds from the sample matrix.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid Chromatography–Electron Capture Negative Ionization–Tandem Mass Spectrometry Detection of Pesticides in a Commercial Formulation

Cappiello

Termopoli

Famiglini

et al. 2021

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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“…In this paper, the QuEChERS method was applied to extract and purify the fruit samples. 26 Briefly, 10 g of the homogenized sample was extracted with 10 mL of acetonitrile. Then, MgSO 4 (6 g) and NaCl (1.5 g) were added to a centrifuge tube and the cap was tightened immediately.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this paper, the QuEChERS method was applied to extract and purify the fruit samples . Briefly, 10 g of the homogenized sample was extracted with 10 mL of acetonitrile.…”

Section: Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enantioselective Dissipation, Residue, and Risk Assessment of Diniconazole Enantiomers in Four Kinds of Fruits

Teng

Wang

et al. 2021

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Chiral diniconazole is a widely used triazole fungicide, while its enantioselective behaviors in fruits have not been reported. In this article, the absolute configuration was confirmed. A fast supercritical fluid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (SFC-MS/MS) method was developed for the chiral separation and enantioselective study of diniconazole in four kinds of fruits. The residual concentrations gradually decreased with time in four kinds of fruits after applying diniconazole. The dissipation half-lives of R-diniconazole and S-diniconazole were in the range of 5.3–7.9 and 2.5–7.1 days respectively, and S-diniconazole was degraded preferentially. The residue concentrations were lower than the EU’s MRL (0.01 mg/kg) on the 40th (harvest time), 30th, and 10th day in pear, jujube, and apple, respectively. But, in peach, residue concentrations were still higher than the MRL after 60 days and the ratio of R/S was 2.2. These results could be helpful for the reasonable use and risk assessment of chiral diniconazole.

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“…The analysis of endosulfan residues in soil and ginseng was followed the previously reported method by Bruce-Vanderpuije et al (2021). For the soil sample, 5.0 g sample was added 2.0 g MgSO4, 0.5 g NaCl, and 0.5 g trisodium citrate and extracted with 10 mL acetonitrile by shaking at 180 rpm for two hours with sonication for 15 min.…”

Section: Endosulfan Residue Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Stockholm Convention has classified endosulfan as a persistent organic pollutant (POPs) due to its persistence, long-range transport, and high bioaccumulation properties Choi et al, 2021;Sathishkumar et al, 2021). Most countries have banned the production and use of endosulfan a decade ago, however, it is still frequently detected in the air, water, and soil environment (Oh et al, 2020;Bruce-Vanderpuije et al, 2021). The reported 50% dissipation time (DT50) in soil is 4 to 75 days, 4 to 376 days, 26 to 200 days, and 6 to >200 days for α-endosulfan, β-endosulfan, endosulfan sulfate, and total endosulfan, respectively (Ntow et al, 2007;Weber et al, 2010;Vaikosen et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fate of endosulfan in ginseng farm and effect of granular biochar treatment on endosulfan accumulation in ginseng

Lee

Choi

Bae

et al. 2021

Environ Geochem Health

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Endosulfan was widely used as an insecticide in the agricultural sector before its environmental persistence was fully understood. Although its fate and transport in the environment have been studied, the effects of historic endosulfan residues in soil and its bioaccumulation in crops are not well understood. This knowledge gap was addressed by investigating the dissipation and bioaccumulation of endosulfan in ginseng as a perennial crop in fresh and aged endosulfancontaminated fields. In addition, the effect of granular biochar (GBC) treatment on the bioaccumulation factor (BAF) of endosulfan residue in ginseng was assessed. The 50% dissipation time (DT50) of the total endosulfan was over 770 days in both the fresh and aged soils under mulching conditions.; This was at least 2-fold greater than the reported (6->200 days) in arable soil. Among the endosulfan congeners, the main contributor to the soil residue was endosulfan sulfate, as observed from 150 days after treatment. The BAF for the 2-year-old ginseng was similar in the fresh (1.682-2.055) and aged (1.372-2.570) soils, whereas the BAF for the 3-year-old ginseng in the aged soil (1.087-1.137) was lower than that in the fresh soil (1.771-2.387). The treatment with 0.3 wt% GBC extended the DT50 of endosulfan in soil; however, this could successfully suppress endosulfan uptake, and reduced the BAFs by 66.5-67.7% in the freshly contaminated soil and 32.3-41.4% in the aged soil. Thus, this adsorbent treatment could be an effective, financially viable and sustainable option to protect human health by reducing plant uptake of endosulfan from contaminated soils.

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A comparison of the effectiveness of QuEChERS, FaPEx and a modified QuEChERS method on the determination of organochlorine pesticides in ginseng

Cited by 14 publications

References 31 publications

Liquid Chromatography–Electron Capture Negative Ionization–Tandem Mass Spectrometry Detection of Pesticides in a Commercial Formulation

Liquid Chromatography–Electron Capture Negative Ionization–Tandem Mass Spectrometry Detection of Pesticides in a Commercial Formulation

Enantioselective Dissipation, Residue, and Risk Assessment of Diniconazole Enantiomers in Four Kinds of Fruits

Fate of endosulfan in ginseng farm and effect of granular biochar treatment on endosulfan accumulation in ginseng

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