A competitive ELISA to detect brevetoxins from Karenia brevis (formerly Gymnodinium breve) in seawater, shellfish, and mammalian body fluid.

Naar, Jérôme; Bourdelais, Andrea J.; Tomas, Carmelo R.; Kubanek, Julia; Whitney, Philip L.; Flewelling, Leanne J.; Steidinger, Karen A.; Lancaster, Johnny; Baden, Daniel G.

doi:10.1289/ehp.02110179

Cited by 149 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…Using PbTx standards provided by UNCW, we established standard curves for PbTx-2, -3, -6, and -9. The personal sampling filter collected small amounts of PbTx, which were analyzed by a competitive ELISA (Naar et al, 2002) based on the specific activity of the goat anti-PbTx antibody.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of red tide aerosol on the Texas coast

Cheng¹,

Villareal²,

Zhou³

et al. 2005

Harmful Algae

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The Gulf of Mexico red tide, caused by the dinoflagellate Karenia brevis (= Gymnodinium breve), occurs almost annually and has adverse economic and health effects. Exposure of people to sea spray containing aerosolized brevetoxins (PbTxs, polyether brevetoxins produced by K. brevis) causes irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat. Anecdotal reports suggest that exposed individuals can experience respiratory irritation and exacerbation of existing respiratory illnesses.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of red tide aerosol on the Texas coast

Cheng¹,

Villareal²,

Zhou³

et al. 2005

Harmful Algae

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“…The ELISA used in this study is a multistep competitive biotinstrepavidin coupled immunoperoxidase technique recently refined in our laboratory (38,39). The method is conducted in flat-bottomed 96-well polystyrene immunoplates.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New fish-killing alga in coastal Delaware produces neurotoxins.

Bourdelais

Tomas

Naar

et al. 2002

Environ Health Perspect

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Ten fish mortality events, involving primarily Atlantic menhaden, occurred from early July through September 2000 in several bays and creeks in Delaware, USA. Two events involved large mortalities estimated at 1-2.5 million fish in Bald Eagle Creek, Rehoboth Bay. Samples from Indian Inlet (Bethany Beach), open to the Atlantic, as well as from an enclosed area of massive fish kills at nearby Bald Eagle Creek and Torque Canal were collected and sent to our laboratory for analysis. Microscopic examination of samples from the fish kill site revealed the presence of a single-cell Raphidophyte alga Chattonella cf. verruculosa at a maximum density of 1.04 x 10(7) cells/L. Naturally occurring brevetoxins were also detected in the bloom samples. Besides the Chattonella species, no other known brevetoxin-producing phytoplankton were present. Chromatographic, immunochemical, and spectroscopic analyses confirmed the presence of brevetoxin PbTx-2, and PbTx-3 and -9 were confirmed by chromatographic and immunochemical analyses. This is the first confirmed report in the United States of brevetoxins associated with an indigenous bloom in temperate Atlantic estuarine waters and of C. cf. verruculosa as a resident toxic organism implicated in fish kills in this area. The bloom of Chattonella continued throughout September and eventually declined in October. By the end of October C. cf. verruculosa was no longer seen, nor was toxin measurable in the surface waters. The results affirm that to avoid deleterious impacts on human and ecosystem health, increased monitoring is needed for brevetoxins and organism(s) producing them, even in areas previously thought to be unaffected.

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“…Feces from unexposed mice served as control (blank) samples. Extracts were then analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for brevetoxin as described by Naar et al (2002).…”

Section: Verification Of Brevetoxin-3 Absorptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Methods such as ELISA (Naar et al 2002) and immunohistochemistry of nasal epithelial cells (Bossart et al 1998) have been used effectively in experimental models, but, to date, these methods have not been successful in humans. In part, this may reflect the significantly lower concentrations of brevetoxins in humans exposed under natural conditions, than in experimental exposures in laboratory animals (Fleming et al 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cochlear function in mice following inhalation of brevetoxin-3

et al. 2005

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Brevetoxin-3 was shown previously to adversely affect central auditory function in goldfish. The present study evaluated the effects of exposure to this agent on cochlear function in mice using the 2f 1 -f 2 distortion-product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE). Towards this end, inbred CBA/CaJ mice were exposed to a relatively high concentration of brevetoxin-3 (∼400 μg/m 3 ) by nose-only inhalation for a 2-h period. Further, a subset of these mice received a second exposure a day later that lasted for an additional 4 h. Mice exposed only once for 2 h did not exhibit any notable cochlear effects. Similarly, mice exposed two times, for a cumulative dose of 6 h, exhibited essentially no change in DPOAE levels.

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A competitive ELISA to detect brevetoxins from Karenia brevis (formerly Gymnodinium breve) in seawater, shellfish, and mammalian body fluid.

Cited by 149 publications

References 25 publications

Characterization of red tide aerosol on the Texas coast

Characterization of red tide aerosol on the Texas coast

New fish-killing alga in coastal Delaware produces neurotoxins.

Cochlear function in mice following inhalation of brevetoxin-3

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