A Complete Review of Automatic Detection, Segmentation, and Quantification of Neovascularization in Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Images

Abstract

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is revolutionizing the way we assess eye complications such as diabetic retinopathy (DR) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). With its ability to provide layer-by-layer information on the retina, OCT enables the early detection of abnormalities emerging underneath the retinal surface. The latest advancement in this field, OCT angiography (OCTA), takes this to the next level by providing detailed vascular information without requiring dye injections. One of the most significant indicators of DR and AMD is neovascularization, the abnormal growth of unhealthy vessels. In this work, the techniques and algorithms used for the automatic detection, classification, and segmentation of neovascularization in OCTA images are explored. From image processing to machine learning and deep learning, works related to automated image analysis of neovascularization are summarized from different points of view. The problems and future work of each method are also discussed.

Association of Genetic Risk for Age-Related Macular Degeneration with Morphological Features of the Retinal Microvascular Network

“…Angio OCT utilizes the principles of OCT imaging based on low-coherence interferometry. It measures the interference pattern of light waves reflected from different depths within the tissue to create highresolution cross-sectional images [24]. By detecting the dynamic movement of red blood cells, OCTA provides a unique perspective on blood flow in the retina and choroid.…”

“…Below these superficial layers, the deep capillary plexus (DCP) contains intermediate and deep capillaries. Notably, the SCP features larger, more prominently visible blood vessels due to its proximity to the imaging source, while the DCP displays finer vessels [24]. The choriocapillaris forms a densely interconnected network of capillaries, and a healthy choriocapillaris presents a distinct grainy texture in OCTA images.…”